In China, people with shoulder pain and limited movement think they have “frozen shoulder”, and even some orthopedic surgeons often use the term “frozen shoulder” to diagnose shoulder pain in a general way. In fact, shoulder pain is not equal to “frozen shoulder” at all. ”With the development of shoulder surgery, especially the clinical application of MRI and CT, doctors have realized that there are many diseases that cause shoulder pain, including rotator cuff injury, acromioclavicular impingement, rostral impingement, shoulder adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), SLAP Injuries, shoulder instability, tendinopathy, calcific supraspinatus tendinitis, acromioclavicular joint disease, shoulder osteoarthritis, thoracic outlet syndrome, etc. The common people think of “frozen shoulder” as “adhesive capsulitis”, because it occurs in middle-aged and elderly people around 50 years old, and is commonly known as “fifty shoulder” in China. It has an incidence of about 2% to 5%, and is more common in women than men. Some studies have found that the incidence of rotator cuff injury and shoulder impingement is the highest among older people over the age of 60 who visit the doctor for shoulder pain, reaching 85%, which is much higher than the so-called “frozen shoulder” (frozen shoulder). Due to the misconceptions and limitations of these diseases, there are many patients who are misdiagnosed as “frozen shoulder” and suffer from increased pain and treatment errors. We hope that after reading this article, readers will have a scientific understanding of shoulder disorders and treat them correctly. The incidence of frozen shoulder is not very high. It is a condition in which the soft tissues of the shoulder joint, including muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint capsule, become congested and edematous, resulting in a sterile inflammation that can cause adhesions in severe cases. Patients often feel that the joint is stiff and the arm is restricted in its backward and outward rotation, which makes daily life difficult, such as combing hair and dressing and undressing. The natural course of frozen shoulder is usually 1-2 years and is divided into 3 phases, namely the acute phase, the chronic phase and the recovery phase. In the acute stage, massage and surgery are generally not recommended. It can be treated with oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, cold compresses on the shoulder, and closure. In the chronic stage, functional exercises such as wall climbing, stick exercises and physical therapy are the main treatments. Many patients with frozen shoulder can heal on their own. If the patient’s condition does not improve significantly after 3 to 4 months of the above conventional treatment, if the dysfunction seriously affects life and workers, arthroscopic minimally invasive treatment is the best treatment method currently recommended internationally. Typical manifestations of rotator cuff injury: shoulder pain, weakness in lifting, resting pain, being awakened by pain at night, and inability to lie on one’s side. If a patient with rotator cuff injury continues to perform exercises such as “pulling the hoop” or forcibly loosening the rotator joint, it may cause the torn rotator cuff to continue to expand, resulting in a huge rotator cuff tear and irreparable rotator cuff tear, which can aggravate the injury and is a very disabling disease. Patients diagnosed with a rotator cuff injury after examination by a physician may undergo an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, in which the torn rotator cuff tissue is sutured by implanting several suture anchors. The typical presentation of subacromial impingement is chronic dull pain in the shoulder, which is aggravated during supination or abduction activities. It is more common in older people, people who often have to work with the upper extremity elevated, and sports enthusiasts. Playing badminton, gymnastics, swimming and other sports can lead to subacromial impingement if done improperly. Treatment: Reducing shoulder activity, changing exercise patterns, along with pharmacological anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment, and in some cases, minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery to eliminate the causative factors of subacromial impingement. If a patient with subacromial impingement is misdiagnosed as “frozen shoulder” and undergoes some inappropriate treatment, it is likely to aggravate the condition, delay treatment, and even cause rotator cuff impingement tears. Typical symptoms of shoulder instability: shoulder pain and fear of movement in one direction of the shoulder joint. Patients describe more vague symptoms, such as shoulder pain in an unclear location, and feeling certain abnormalities and discomfort when moving the arm to certain positions. Patients with recurrent dislocations harbor a fear of daily life and sports and are afraid to fully exercise the shoulder joint. If left untreated, bone defects can develop secondary to the dislocation, leading to bone defective shoulder instability with serious consequences. Most patients can undergo non-surgical treatment, which has a long recovery process, usually taking about 6 months. If 6 months of physical therapy does not control the shoulder instability, surgical treatment is required. Minimally invasive arthroscopic surgical treatment has become the treatment of choice for habitual shoulder instability, with a success rate of over 95%. Patients with shoulder instability who are misdiagnosed with frozen shoulder and ignore the underlying cause of their own causative condition, such as shoulder glenoid labral injury, or even undergo the wrong rehabilitation treatment, may be more likely to suffer from dislocation and aggravate their condition. The key to treatment is to make a clear diagnosis and choose different treatment methods according to the cause of the pain. The differential diagnosis of shoulder pain is indeed very difficult, and orthopedic surgeons without specialized training in shoulder surgery do not have diagnostic certainty. The diagnosis of “frozen shoulder” has been abused for many years and is like a “garbage can”. All the shoulder pains that are not understood are thrown into the garbage can of “frozen shoulder”. Because of the ambiguity of the diagnosis, there are only moderate treatments, such as acupuncture, Chinese medicine, massage or physical therapy. Because of the poor efficacy, many shoulder pain patients simply do not go to the hospital, but simply perform functional exercises or use prescriptions based on others’ experience, which causes many missed diagnoses, misdiagnoses and mis-treatments. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with shoulder pain and shoulder joint disorders first seek a clear diagnosis from a professional sports medicine or shoulder surgeon before receiving different treatments. At present, arthroscopic minimally invasive surgical techniques are advancing rapidly. For the treatment of shoulder disorders, arthroscopic treatment is incomparable to any other treatment and traditional incision surgery at present, which can relieve shoulder pain, repair torn rotator cuff and restore joint stability within a very small incision, with good efficacy, less risk and faster recovery.