Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is a clinical syndrome characterized by a combination of obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which is closely related to lifestyle. I. Risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents 1. Genetic factors: those with a family history of MetS, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and obesity; 2. Birth history: small for gestational age children, huge children, etc.; 3. Diet and eating behavior factors: high sugar, high fat, high cholesterol and other high-energy food, like to eat Western-style fast food, do not eat breakfast, eat a lot, chew less, fast, sweets too often, non-hungry state easy to induce eating motivation, parents forced to eat, eating while watching TV and eating before bed, etc.; 4, disease factors: obesity / overweight, T2DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia patients; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, hyperuricemia, obstructive sleep apnea and other patients. The prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome is mainly to prevent and control obesity, control blood pressure, and correct dyslipidemia and glucose. 1. Dietary prescription Referring to the newly revised 2011 Chinese Dietary Guidelines for Young Children, Preschoolers, School-age Children and Adolescents, the Chinese Nutrition Society’s balanced dietary guidelines require children and adolescents to maintain a variety of foods in their diet, pay attention to meat and vegetarian, coarse and fine, and ensure the intake of fish, meat, milk, beans and vegetables. Three meals a day, with an interval of 4~5 hours between meals; the ratio of the three meals should be appropriate, according to the proportion of energy provided to the total energy of the whole day, breakfast accounts for 30%, lunch accounts for 40%, and dinner accounts for 30%; the proportion of protein, fat and carbohydrates for energy supply are 12%~14%, 25%~30% and 55%~65% respectively. In the control of total energy intake at the same time, to ensure an adequate supply of protein, vitamins, minerals. Overweight and obese children are suitable to eat, eat less food as follows: suitable food: fresh vegetables and fruits, fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, beef, poultry, liver, tofu, soy milk, drinking plain water, fresh fruit and vegetable juice without added sugar; eat less food: all kinds of cakes containing hydrogenated vegetable oil, candy, preserves, chocolate, cold drinks, sweet snacks, puffed food, Western-style fast food, fatty meat, butter, fried food, all kinds of Sugary drinks. 2, exercise prescription: long-term regular exercise is conducive to cultivating a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents, which can not only prevent obesity in childhood and adolescence, but also continue into adulthood, so that they benefit throughout their lives. In the design of the exercise program, the first should be carried out medical examination, if there is abnormal heart and lung function, serious hypertension is cautious exercise, or avoid strenuous exercise; before and after the activity should be at least 5 minutes of preparatory activities and recovery activities; aerobic exercise and strength exercise, flexibility training combined with each other, interspersed with each other; pay attention to the mobilization of children’s interest and enthusiasm; activities should be gradual, more long-term persistence. Exercise methods Use some aerobic exercise programs that increase energy consumption and easy to adhere to, but also can be used to strength and flexibility training. Aerobic exercise such as brisk walking, jogging, up and down the stairs, jumping rope, playing ball, swimming, cycling, pedaling mountains, etc., can consume more fat, to achieve the effect of weight control. Strength exercises can be carried out using dumbbells, barbells and other sandbags, equipment, etc.; flexibility training includes a variety of stretching activities. Exercise can be chosen according to the weather, living environment, site and other specific circumstances, while it is recommended that children and adolescents participate in all activities including some household chores that they can do, such as sweeping, mopping, laundry, tidying up the room, taking out the garbage, etc. Exercise intensity Exercise intensity can be measured by pulse rate. During aerobic exercise, the pulse rate should reach 50% to 60% of the maximum heart rate, about 110 to 130 beats per minute. The heart rate at the beginning of the exercise can be slightly lower, such as 100 ~ 110 times / min. With the improvement of adaptive capacity, should gradually increase the exercise time and exercise frequency. Exercise time At least 30 minutes per day, preferably up to 60 minutes per day of moderate intensity physical activity. Scattered exercise time can be cumulative, but each time not less than 15 minutes, such as 15 minutes of exercise in the morning, 15 minutes of exercise at noon, 30 minutes of exercise in the evening; the amount of exercise should be gradual, the beginning of the daily exercise time of about 30 minutes, and gradually increased to 60 minutes after two weeks. Adhere to the daily exercise, at least 5 days a week exercise can play a role in weight control or weight loss. 3.Behavior correction prescription The purpose of behavior correction is to change the unhealthy behavior of obese children and adolescents, parents need to set an example and work with medical personnel to psychological guidance, refuse temptation, supervision, encouragement, resist and oppose pseudoscience and false commercial “weight loss” propaganda, etc., to help them establish a healthy To achieve the goal of weight control, the child should have a healthy lifestyle. Children should not watch TV, play video games and use computers for more than 2 hours a day; they should not lie down to read or watch TV; they should leave their seats for 10 minutes between classes to do games and other physical activities; they should be active for 10 minutes for every 40 minutes of extracurricular work; they should have regular rest and rest time on weekends and holidays, go to bed early and get up early, and not sleep. 4.Medication: You should consult your doctor for details.