A vertebral compression fracture is a wedge-shaped change in the damaged vertebral body that is caused by anterior flexion violence, primarily to the anterior part of the vertebral body, resulting in kyphosis of the spine. This fracture rarely causes nerve damage unless there are multiple adjacent segments of vertebrae damaged at the same time. Painful symptoms are usually present with this type of fracture, and traditional treatment includes bed rest, application of pain medication, brace protection, and physical therapy. The pain usually resolves in 1 to 8 months. However, residual spinal deformity may eventually remain. In the case of osteoporosis, the pain may not be significant, but the patient’s quality of life will be affected to varying degrees, and the morbidity and mortality rates will increase significantly. Previous surgical treatments included anterior and posterior approaches for repositioning and internal fixation, but due to the poor grip of the internal fixation caused by osteoporosis, the results of treatment were not promising, and most patients had residual chronic low back pain. With the development of minimally invasive techniques, acutely painful vertebral compression fractures can be treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty. This procedure is designed primarily to reduce pain and increase the strength of the bone to prevent further collapse from occurring. This procedure can provide pain relief in 70 – 90% of patients.