There are always some people, the body appears some small symptoms, either hard, or take medicine, never take the body signals sent by the serious. Just like some people, only when they have a headache and dizziness, they take the elevated blood pressure seriously! Once the head does not hurt or dizzy, it does not matter if the blood pressure rises a little! Does it really not matter?
In fact, the clinical symptoms of hypertension are not only headache and dizziness, and most patients with hypertension have a slow and gradual onset, lacking specific clinical manifestations, and the subjective feeling of each patient is not consistent with the degree of blood pressure elevation, so it is very dangerous to assess the blood pressure level based on a single self-perception.
In addition to the common symptom of headache and dizziness, patients with hypertension may also experience neck tightness, fatigue and palpitations, blurred vision, and nosebleeds, which can be roughly divided into three major categories.
1.Neuropsychiatric system symptoms
Headache: The common neurological symptoms of hypertension are headache and dizziness, of which headache can be radiated to the head and neck, causing the headrest or neck plate tightness. It occurs mostly in the morning, often after mood swings and physical exertion, and can disappear after the blood pressure drops.
Headache
Dizziness: Dizziness caused by hypertension is mostly temporary or persistent, and the mechanism of attack is related to the vascular disorder of the inner ear vagus, which can generally be reduced after taking antihypertensive drugs, and some patients can be accompanied by weakness and insomnia.
2. Cardiovascular system symptoms
When the disease develops to a certain stage, patients with hypertension may experience increased cardiac load, inducing palpitations and even left heart failure symptoms, mainly manifested as paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
Palpitations
In addition, shortness of breath, palpitations and coughing may occur during physical exertion, and pulmonary edema may be induced by a sudden rise in blood pressure.
Repeated and persistent left heart failure will affect the right ventricular function, which will then develop into total heart failure, eventually leading to symptoms of hypuria and edema.
3.Renal function symptoms
Improperly controlled hypertension can lead to the kidney, an important excretory organ of the body, to thickening of the blood vessel wall and insufficient blood supply due to excessive vascular pressure, further causing damage to kidney function and symptoms such as polyuria, nocturia, thirst and excessive drinking. When renal function is severely reduced, patients may experience a significant decrease in urine output, as well as the consequences of uremia.
In addition to symptomatic manifestations, the signs of hypertension are generally less frequent. Peripheral vascular pulsations, vascular murmurs, and heart murmurs are usually used as the focus of physical examination for hypertension. This is followed by vascular murmurs in the neck, both sides of the back at the rib cage angle, both sides of the umbilicus in the upper abdomen, and at the rib cage in the lower back. In addition, the vascular murmur of renal artery stenosis is often conducted to both sides of the abdomen. Cardiac signs may include hyperacusis of the second heart sound in the aortic valve area, systolic murmurs or early systolic karate sounds.
In addition, certain signs may suggest secondary hypertension, such as lumbar masses, which mostly suggest polycystic kidney or pheochromocytoma; delayed appearance and absence of femoral artery booting, along with significantly lower blood pressure in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities, mostly suggest aortic stenosis.
However, in actual life, about half of the patients with hypertension only find out they have hypertension when their blood pressure is measured or when they visit a doctor for other diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important for healthy people to monitor their blood pressure from time to time.
References
[1] Wang Shanshan. Practical internal medicine disease diagnosis, treatment and care [J]. China Ocean University Press,2019:118-119.
[2]Ge Junbo,Xu Yongjian,Wang Chen. Internal medicine. 9th edition [M]. Beijing. People’s Health Publishing House.2018.250-251.