Indications for surgery (including 2 or more of the following criteria) 1. CT Haller index less than 2.30; 2. Pulmonary function EKG and echocardiography suggesting abnormalities such as restrictive or obstructive airway pathology; 3. Progression of the deformity or combination of significant symptoms; 4. Appearance of the deformity making it intolerable for the patient.