General indications include (1) HBV DNA ≥105 copies/m l (≥104 copies/ml for HBeAg negative); (2) ALT ≥ 2 × ULN; if treated with interferon, ALT should be ≤10 × ULN and total blood bilirubin level should be <2 × ULN; (3) if ALT <2 × ULN, but liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥4, or ≥G2 inflammatory necrosis. Patients with (1) and (2) or (3) should be treated with antiviral therapy; those who do not meet the above treatment criteria should be monitored for changes in disease and antiviral therapy should also be considered if there is persistent HBV DNA positivity and abnormal ALT (III). Care should be taken to exclude elevated ALT due to drugs, alcohol and other factors, as well as temporary normalization of ALT after application of enzyme-lowering drugs. In some specific diseases such as cirrhosis, the AST level may be higher than the ALT, and the AST level can be referred to such patients.