Breast cancer has become the most prevalent malignancy threatening women’s health worldwide. According to the International Agency for Cancer, the number of new breast cancer cases worldwide reached 1.38 million in 2008, and the number of new breast cancer cases in China exceeded 190,000. Early diagnosis and early treatment can enable more than 70% of patients to survive for more than 10 years and more than 60% of patients to survive for more than 20 years. Mastectomy is one of the primary treatments for breast cancer, and more than 1 in 3 patients will undergo a mastectomy. Breast reconstruction is a surgical technique that uses autologous tissue or prosthesis to reconstruct a structure with a breast shape, and the breast reconstruction rate has exceeded 20% in developed countries. Breast reconstruction is thought to improve not only the patient’s well-being, but also the patient’s quality of life by restoring body image and sexual function. The quality of life associated with breast reconstruction refers to the impact of breast cancer disease itself, oncologic treatment (including radiation and chemotherapy, and mastectomy), and breast reconstruction on patients’ well-being. As quality of life involves a wide range of components, it is usually assessed from three perspectives: physical, psychological and social. Patients with breast cancer are reluctant to participate in social activities due to the lack of breast after mastectomy, which seriously affects their physical and mental health and confidence level. The study of breast cancer patients’ quality of life is a hot and difficult issue internationally. In this study, Dr. Chunjun Liu conducted a comprehensive research on nearly 1,000 patients who underwent breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer during his study abroad in plastic surgery at Stanford University Hospital, and found that breast reconstruction can significantly improve the quality of life and satisfaction of breast cancer patients. Breast reconstruction with prosthesis and breast reconstruction with autologous tissues have their own advantages and disadvantages, and comprehensive and objective education and information to patients before surgery is an important factor to obtain good quality of life and satisfaction after surgery.