According to the latest epidemiological data, thyroid cancer has become the fastest growing tumor in recent years, and the growth rate of papillary microscopic thyroid cancer is the most obvious. Because of its female bias, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in China is the fourth highest among female malignant tumors, and the growth rate has surpassed that of breast cancer. In Korea, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer has surpassed that of breast cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer to rank first. Thyroid disease may be related to factors such as heredity, radiation, high iodine diet, and for women, to their own internal environment, as well as changes in estrogen and progesterone. With the combination of fierce social competition, tremendous life stress, and changes in environmental and dietary habits, more and more people, especially young women, are suffering from thyroid disorders. Since most thyroid cancers do not cause obvious physical symptoms, many patients are found to have the disease accidentally during routine medical checkups. Please note that people with the following characteristics should pay attention to thyroid nodules after they are found and be actively reviewed to clarify whether they have thyroid cancer: history of radiation exposure to the head and neck, family history of thyroid cancer, large solitary nodules, nodules with adhesions to surrounding tissues, enlarged lymph nodes and voice changes in the neck. Compared with cancers of other organs in the whole body, thyroid cancer has a good prognosis and early treatment is less harmful to the body and has a high survival rate. According to the latest domestic data analysis in 2014, the 5-year survival rate of thyroid cancer is 67.5%, among which papillary thyroid cancer is over 90%. The treatment of thyroid cancer is surgery as the treatment of choice, supplemented by radioactive iodine (131I) for nail clearance, thyroid hormone replacement or supplemental therapy, and immune or biological agent therapy. Although thyroid cancer is a member of the intimidating “cancer” family, as long as it is detected, diagnosed and treated early, most patients can have a good prognosis and even live like normal people through standardized surgery, endocrine drugs and radionuclide therapy.