I. Pathological types The prognosis of different types of thyroid cancer varies greatly. Well-differentiated thyroid cancer, especially papillary cancer, can be treated reasonably and timely, and the survival period is similar to that of normal people, while highly malignant undifferentiated cancer has a very poor prognosis and often dies within six months. The degree of lesion development The degree of lesion development, such as whether the tumor is confined to the glandular lobe, whether there is invasion of large blood vessels, whether there is lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis, etc., all have an impact on the prognosis. According to Blake Cady’s data analysis of differentiated thyroid cancer, extra-thyroidal invasion will mean a high recurrence and mortality rate, while patients with occult cancer have a very low mortality rate. Generally speaking, the recurrence and mortality rates are lower for masses smaller than 50 px; the recurrence and mortality rates are slightly higher for carcinomas with multiple nodes than those with single nodes; papillary carcinomas without metastasis can survive with tumor for a long time, and the postoperative life expectancy can be almost the same as normal; the survival rate can be reduced by 7% to 19% for those with lymph node metastasis than the same kind of people without lymph node metastasis. The prognosis of age and gender is different depending on gender and age. Generally, women have a better prognosis than men; the prognosis is worse in men older than 40 years old and in women older than 50 years old. 1. AMES multifactorial systematic risk group classification: Blake Cady analyzed various factors affecting the outcome of papillary adenocarcinoma by multiple regression and demonstrated that four factors are important in predicting the morbidity and mortality, namely, the patient’s age, distant metastasis, the extent of the cancer lesion and the size of the mass. Based on these factors, the AMES score system was designed, which can classify patients into various risk groups with different prognosis. (1) Low-risk group: young patients without distant metastases; men < 40 years old and women < 50 years old; all elderly patients with the following conditions: intraglandular papillary adenocarcinoma or follicular adenocarcinoma with microvascular invasion or primary cancer less than 125 px in diameter without distant metastases. (2) High risk group: All patients with distant metastasis; all young patients with follicular adenocarcinoma involving large blood vessels; all elderly patients with the following conditions: extraglandular papillary adenocarcinoma or follicular adenocarcinoma involving large blood vessels or primary carcinoma 125px or greater in diameter regardless of the extent of the lesion. 2. The AGES model: 4 factors have a significant impact on prognosis: age, tumor tissue grade, extent of tumor invasion, and tumor size. Prognosis score = age × 0.05 + tumor tissue grade + tumor invasion range tumor diameter × 0.2 Age: 0 for those under 40 years old; tumor tissue grade: "1" for highly or moderately differentiated cancer, "2" for poorly differentiated cancer; tumor Tumor invasion: tumor confined to the thyroid gland is "0", tumor beyond the thyroid gland is "1", distant metastasis is "3"; tumor size: tumor diameter (cm). For example, the prognosis score for a 50-year-old patient with moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma with a diameter of 100px and distant metastasis is 50×0.05+1+3+0.8=7.3. Early and complete thyroid cancer surgery has a better prognosis; those with postoperative endocrine therapy have a better prognosis. Those who remove the mass alone have the worst prognosis. And unprincipled expansion of surgery often increases immediate mortality and disability. The longer the delay in surgery (from the time of pathological examination until surgical treatment), the worse the prognosis. Therefore, surgery should be performed as soon as the needle aspiration biopsy or other histological diagnosis is established to improve survival rates.