Palatal perforation caused by congenital factors or factors such as tumors can be seen in nasal malignant granuloma, pharyngeal tuberculosis, pharyngeal nerve sheath tumors, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, chordoma, and craniopharyngioma. So what are the causes of palatal perforation? It is helpful to know this for better prevention and treatment.
Nasal malignant granuloma: Many scholars believe that this disease is a malignant tumor of the lymphatic tissue system, the pathological tissue resembles reticulocytic sarcoma or lymphoma, with tumorigenic proliferation of anomalous cells and nuclear division phase, but without necrotic blood vessels and multinucleated giant cells. Most patients are sensitive to radiation, which is consistent with the tumor theory.
The pathogenic effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be related to the inflammatory reaction caused by the tenacious proliferation of bacteria in tissue cells and the induction of delayed metabolic injury in the body.
NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the causative gene is located on autosome 17q11.2. In patients with the disease, this chromosomal locus is missing, preventing the production of the corresponding protein, neurofibromatosis protein. Neurofibromin is a tumor suppressor that slows down cell proliferation by accelerating the activity of the proto-oncogene p21-ras (which plays a major role in the intracellular mitogenic signal transduction system).
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unknown. Tumorigenic factors cause unlimited proliferation of mucosal cells in the nasopharyngeal cavity, malignant transformation, and distant metastasis.
Chordoma: Chordoma is a congenital tumor. Most chordomas originate from intraosseous spinal cord remnants near the vertebrae, and may also be related to post-infectious myelitis and post-vaccination myelitis, genetics and other factors.
Craniopharyngioma: It is a congenital disease with slow growth. During normal embryonic development, the elongated canal that connects the Rathke’s bursa to the primitive oral cavity is the craniopharyngeal canal, which gradually disappears with embryonic development. The craniopharyngioma can therefore occur in the pharynx, pterygoid sinus, saddle, suprasellar and third ventricle, and in some cases in the posterior fossa.