Syringomyelia is a condition in which a boy is born with incomplete closure of the sphincter at different sites, which may form testicular syringomyelia, spermatic syringomyelia, testicular spermatic syringomyelia or traffic syringomyelia. Testicular syringomyelia is the most common, and it can be divided into primary and secondary friends, the latter being caused by inflammation, trauma, tumor, filariasis, etc. This disease is diagnosed as water hernia in Chinese medicine, and it has more causes. Inflammation, trauma, tumor and other scrotal and testicular lesions can cause syringomyelia. In recent years, syringomyelia has also been treated by simple puncture and fluid injection without surgery, but the issue of post-surgical complications is still debated. Most syringomyelia in infants can heal spontaneously, and surgical treatment is generally not required except in children with large effusions. Commonly used procedures for syringomyelia include testicular syringomyelia reversal, cyst debridement for spermatic cord syringomyelia, and high ligation at the sheath plus syringomyelia reversal for traffic syringomyelia. It is important to choose a safe and effective treatment for syringomyelia, but it also depends on the patient’s age, physical condition and the type of syringomyelia symptoms.