Infantile testicular syringomyelia is a sheath cavity formed due to the failure of the abdominal sphincter to close before and after birth, which leads to the accumulation and expansion of fluid and the formation of a pear-shaped cavity capsule. Some patients with congenital syringomyelia form a traffic type of syringomyelia because the syringomyelia cavity is connected to the peritoneal cavity by ducts, which manifests as fluid that can flow back and forth from the syringomyelia cavity with changes in body position, and the scrotum often appears clinically to change from large to small. Long-term chronic syringomyelia adversely affects the blood supply and temperature regulation of the testes due to high tension, which may cause testicular atrophy in severe cases. If the effusion is severe and affects both testes, it is likely to affect the child’s future fertility. For pediatric syringomyelia, conservative (non-surgical) therapy should be used earlier for thorough treatment. Therefore, timely treatment with safe and effective methods according to the specific situation of the child is the key to avoid sequelae. There is a small amount of plasma present in the normal testicular sheath capsule, similar in nature to the intra-abdominal plasma, which has a slippery effect and enables the testis to slide freely in it. Under normal conditions the sheath capsule wall has the function of secreting and absorbing plasma and keeping its volume stable. If the sphincter itself and the surrounding organs or tissues become diseased, causing an imbalance in the secretion and absorption functions of the sphincter, various types of syringomyelia are formed. The prognosis for this condition is generally good after treatment. The clinical importance lies in the long-term accumulation of fluid in the sphincter, which increases the internal pressure, while causing testicular ischemia and poor testicular spermatogenesis, leading to infertility. Also in adults, giant sphincter effusion affects normal sexual life and can lead to infertility. When abnormalities and lesions occur in the testicular sphincter or surrounding tissues, it will cause changes and abnormalities in the secretion and absorption functions of the wall of the capsule, resulting in various different types of sphingomyelia. Types: Syringomyelia manifests as a cystic swelling in the scrotum or spermatic cord area, usually without discomfort, and can vary greatly in size, most being ovoid. Congenital syringomyelia can be gradually reduced or even completely disappeared by squeezing the effusion when lying down, and most syringomyelia are unilateral. In primary testicular syringomyelia, the scrotal skin is normal, with high tension and translucency. If the sphincter is not very tense and is relatively soft, one should think that it may be secondary syringomyelia and should be alert to the presence of lesions in the testes and epididymis, such as tuberculosis, syphilis, inflammatory lesions, tumors and filariasis. Diagnosis: Pediatric syringomyelia generally has no systemic symptoms and is mostly found by family members as a lump in the groin or scrotum on one side or a localized lump on both sides that grows slowly and does not cause pain. When the mass is larger, there may be a feeling of swelling. Because the sphincter is relatively small, the fluid flowing into the unclosed sphincter cavity does not easily back up into the abdominal cavity, so there is no significant size change in the mass. If the opening of the unclosed sphincter is thicker, the mass can be seen to shrink in the morning after lying down overnight. The diagnosis is made by clinical examination of a well-defined cystic mass in the lateral groin or scrotum, without an obvious stalk attached to the abdominal cavity, and a positive transillumination test. Depending on the location, there are two types of syringomyelia: spermatic cord and testicular. 1, spermatic cord syringomyelia mass is confined to the spermatic cord, its volume is usually small, ovoid, and the testis can be clearly found underneath the mass, and the mass can move when the testis is pulled. 2, testicular syringomyelia mass hanging in the bottom of the scrotum, oval or round. If the mass is in greater tension, the testicle is usually not palpable. The transillumination test is positive. Hazards: Testicular sphingomyelia has certain effects on male fertility and health: 1. The sphingomyelia around the testes compresses the testes, affecting blood circulation and spermatogenesis. 2, testicular sphincter effusion is too large, the penis is surrounded by scrotal skin, which is not conducive to normal sexual intercourse. 3.It can cause testicular inflammation, tuberculosis, syphilis, tumor and filariasis, etc. Attention (1) Pay attention to local hygiene and keep the vulva clean. (2) Diet should be light, avoid eating fried and fried products. (3) If conservative treatment is not effective, surgery is recommended.