Some parents of young boys suddenly find that one side of their child’s scrotum is larger than the other side, as if there is a water sac, and sometimes it becomes larger or smaller, especially when crying, and they go to the hospital anxiously to see their child, which is usually a syringomyelia. Pediatric syringomyelia is caused by incomplete occlusion of the sphincter, which remains open or partially open, and the fluid in the abdominal cavity flows through the unclosed sphincter and accumulates in the sphincter cavity. The disease can occur at any age and is most commonly seen in pediatric patients. The clinical manifestations of the disease are inguinal or scrotal masses that are cystic in nature, containing fluid that is translucent when illuminated with a flashlight, and cannot be returned to the abdominal cavity; those that can be returned to the abdominal cavity are traffic-related syringomyelia. At present, we advocate surgical treatment after the age of 1 year to avoid affecting the development of the vas deferens and testes on the affected side. However, syringomyelia with high wall tension may affect the blood supply to the affected testis and lead to testicular atrophy, so early surgery is required. The use of transumbilical single-site laparoscopic sphincter high ligation for pediatric syringomyelia has achieved good clinical efficacy, with the advantages of detecting and treating bilateral inguinal disorders at the same time, and having the advantages of short operation time, small trauma, hidden incision and fast postoperative recovery. A few hospitals still use traditional open surgery, which has the disadvantage that it can only treat unilateral syringomyelia, and has a large trauma to the spermatic cord, slow postoperative recovery, and a high recurrence rate.