Graves’ eye disease is a multifactorial disease with a complex combination of endogenous and environmental factors. Congenital factors including poorly understood genetic factors, age, and gender are not preventable, while acquired factors such as smoking, thyroid insufficiency, defined environment, and radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism are preventable. It is unclear why only 3-5% of patients with Graves’ disease develop severe and serious eye disease, with about half having only mild ocular lesions and the rest having no ocular involvement. This may indicate that environmental factors are more important than endogenous factors, and thus a comprehensive strategy could be developed to intervene in patient factors. In other words, pharmacological interventions can effectively control the course of Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients by strongly urging patients to quit smoking, proper control of thyroid function, careful use of radioactive iodine, and early treatment of patients with ophthalmopathy progressing from moderate to severe.