Factors in the development and treatment of achalasia

Achilles tenderness is the common name for metatarsal tendonitis, a degenerative change in the metatarsal tendon membrane at the beginning of the heel bone due to repeated trauma. Metatarsal tenosynovitis is the most common foot disease, with a reported incidence of 2 million people per year in the United States. There is a lack of statistics in China, but in foot and ankle clinics, it accounts for about 20% of the total number of patients seen. Metatarsophalangeal tendonitis affects a wide variety of people, including men and women, young, middle-aged and elderly. However, middle-aged women are the most common. The onset is often unilateral and rarely bilateral. The occurrence of metatarsal tenosynovitis may be closely related to the following factors: 1, excessive exercise, wearing inappropriate shoes, or too old shoes exercise; 2, long-term standing or a sudden increase in exercise in a short period of time; 3, decreased flexibility of the metatarsal tendon and Achilles tendon, weakness of the inner foot muscles; 4, obesity; 5, high arched foot; heel pain, as the name implies, is heel pain, and the location of the pain is below the heel on the medial side. Although, in patients with severe pain often cannot clearly point out the part of the pain, a clear pressure point can be found on the lower medial side of the heel. The pain of metatarsal tendonitis often presents as a starting pain. The most common feature is that the pain is most severe during the first few steps out of bed in the morning and is similar to stepping on a nail or being stabbed by a thorn. Sometimes the pain forces the patient to stand in place for a long time, afraid to move. However, after walking a few steps, the pain will be significantly reduced and will disappear. Another characteristic is that the pain increases after weight-bearing or heavy activity and is relieved significantly after rest, but when the patient gets up from the resting place and tries to walk again, the pain will occur again. There is no obvious correlation between heel spurs and plantar tendinitis, and most people with heel spurs do not have heel pain. In cases of metatarsophalangeal tendonitis, there is a small tear at the beginning of the heel bone. When pressure is applied to the medial 1/3 of the plantar surface of the heel, 90% of patients present with severe pain, although the pain may not be consistent with the patient’s subjective perceived level of walking pain. The diagnosis can be basically confirmed by combining the patient with the performance of having starting pain. Treatment: 1. The most basic treatment is to change shoes. Wearing a pair of shoes with a strong outsole and a flexible insole can significantly reduce the impact of the foot during walking, which can disperse the load on the metatarsal tendon membrane. 2, the use of heel pads, heel pads have a twofold role, one is to reduce the direct impact of the heel, of course, simply using heel pads can not significantly reduce the impact of walking on the metatarsal tendon membrane, but combined with another role of heel pads – elevating the heel, it can play a role in reducing the impact of the metatarsal tendon membrane. As most patients with metatarsal tendinitis have decreased flexibility of the metatarsal tendon membrane and Achilles tendon, elevating the heel can relax the tense tendon membrane, thus better absorbing the shock. 3, the plantar tendon membrane, Achilles tendon stretching exercise and intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercise. There are various methods of exercise, including the use of walls, steps of the Achilles tendon stretching exercise and the use of beverage cans and tennis balls rock method of plantar tendon membrane stretching exercise. Intramuscular exercises can be performed with massage and hand towel exercises on the heel of both toes to improve the strength of the intrinsic foot muscles. 4, the use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as fenbid, fotarine and other common OTC drugs on the market.