What is IVF all about? Is IVF like a silkworm pupa shedding its skin, as some people imagine, changing test tubes as the baby’s body grows, or else, how can it grow to full term? In fact, IVF is not grown in a test tube, but rather in a test tube that is fertilized in vitro and the fertilized egg is transferred to the mother’s uterus for implantation. In this case, a mature egg is removed from the ovary of a healthy woman and placed in a special culture medium in a test tube for about 6 hours under specific conditions, and then treated healthy sperm are added and the culture is continued. When the fertilized egg divides into four to eight cells, it is removed from the culture medium and delivered vaginally into the uterine cavity of the subject for “implantation”. Afterwards, the subject goes through the same gestation process as a normal pregnant woman: “October pregnancy, one day of delivery”. The newborn baby is born. While a normal pregnancy requires a number of necessary conditions, IVF is difficult and faces a number of extremely complex technical and physiological challenges. The first is the collection of eggs. A normal woman only produces one egg per month, which resides deep in the abdominal cavity, so the date of ovulation must be precisely known and the mature egg must be removed either by surgical dissection or by special instruments without dissection. The second is in vitro fertilization and culture. It is necessary to create the same environment in the test tube as in the mother’s fallopian tube, both to allow the sperm and eggs to unite and to allow the fertilized eggs to grow in the test tube. The third stage is intrauterine transfer and implantation. This is the most difficult hurdle to pass and requires maternal endocrine changes and endometrial changes that are compatible with the conditions for sperm-egg implantation. In other words, the changes in the endometrium must be the same as those that occur in a normal pregnancy, otherwise the uterus will not accept the “foreign body” and expel it from the body. The husband has a genetic disease to prevent further genetic diseases in the offspring. The artificial insemination is performed with social and legal protection and strict legal procedures. The method of artificial insemination is not very complicated, as the semen of the man is taken and injected into the opening of the cervix around the time of ovulation of the woman. However, it is often necessary to repeat the injection several times in order to improve the success rate. The semen used for artificial insemination can be fresh or frozen. In order to better carry out artificial insemination, many countries, including China, have established sperm banks specifically for semen freezing. The method is to apply liquid nitrogen to bring the temperature of the sperm bank down to -96 degrees. This allows the semen to be stored for a long time without deterioration. When frozen semen is needed for artificial insemination, it is melted and injected into the woman’s uterus, or the frozen semen is made into a rod and inserted directly into the woman’s uterus and allowed to dissolve on its own.