Enameloblastoma (formerly known as enamel cell tumor) is one of the most common odontogenic tumors. It is a central tumor of the jawbone caused mainly by odontogenic epithelial remnants (e.g., remnants of dental plates, enamel-forming apparatus, etc.) in the jawbone, and is called an enamel cell tumor due to the morphology of the tumor cells being similar to enamel-forming cells in the tooth germ. Enamel cell tumor is classified as a kind of benign tumor, but because it has the characteristics of local infiltrative growth, for patients with longer time in the tumor or surgical recurrence, a few patients can appear malignant, so it actually belongs to a kind of critical tumor (i.e., a kind of tumor bounded between malignant tumors and benign tumors). Clinical manifestations: enamel cell tumor is mostly seen in young adults (20~30 years old), there is no difference in the incidence of men and women, generally occurring in the molar region of the mandible and the ascending branch (accounting for more than 70%), occurring in the maxilla only accounted for 10%. Enamel cell tumor grows slowly and has a long course, with no conscious symptoms in the early stage, but in the later stage, the tumor gradually increases so that the jawbone bulges and the face becomes deformed, and the bone is absorbed and thinned by the pressure, which often has a “ping-pong ball”-like elasticity feeling when it is pressed. When the tumor infringes on the alveolar bone, it can make the teeth shift, absorb the roots, loosen or even fall off. If the tumor is infected, redness, swelling, pain and other inflammatory symptoms may appear. Tumor continues to increase in size, cortical bone resorption is complete, that is, to the jawbone outside the expansion, can affect the chewing, speech and other functions. Diagnosis: Enamel cell tumor has the manifestation of growth along the long axis of the mandible, which can be diagnosed according to the above history and clinical features, combined with X-ray and pathological examination. Pathologically, enamel cell tumor is divided into five types, namely: follicular, plexiform, echinodermal, basal cell and granular cell. In fact, different parts of the same tumor may show different histological images, with the follicular and plexiform types being the basic types, and the rest of the types interspersed in between. Radiographs of enamel cell tumor often showed four types: (1) multicompartmental type: with clear bone septum and different sizes of compartments; (2) honeycomb type: composed of small compartments of the same size; (3) monocompartmental type: single compartmental cystic image with lobulated margins; and (4) localized malignant sign type: manifested by the absence of jawbone expansion but the disappearance of the adjacent cortical bone and the compartmental septum. However, the common features of enamel cell tumor X-ray presentation are: early honeycomb, later forming a multi-room cyst-like shadow, less single room, the edge of the cyst wall is not neat, there is a semilunar notch, and there is irregular resorption of the root of the tooth in the cyst. Surgery is the only effective treatment for enamel cell tumor. Although enamel cell tumor is a benign tumor, it is a local infiltrative growth, and it is easy to recur (recurrence rate can reach 40~50) by simple tumor curettage, and malignant transformation can occur in repeated episodes. At present, the general principle of surgical treatment is to resect the tumor and at least 0.5cm of bone outside the tumor at the same time, and according to the size of the defect and the patient’s requirements, bone grafting and implantation of dental implants are carried out at the same time in order to restore the shape and chewing function. In recent years, some scholars at home and abroad proposed that: unicellular enamel cell tumor often has a more complete capsule wall, local infiltration is weak, low recurrence rate, so the first choice of curettage, and do not need to carry out part of the bone resection at the same time, but clinical follow-up proved that: unicellular enamel cell tumor after simple curettage recurrence rate is still about 15.