Epilepsy surgery currently requires craniotomy, and other methods, including buried wires, are not mainstream. Some non-craniotomy methods, such as gamma knife, are also new treatments and are not currently mainstream. The mainstream approach usually refers to drug-refractory epilepsy, which usually requires open surgery if the site of the epileptic focus is found accurately. If it is really difficult to accurately determine the site of onset, it usually also requires craniotomy to bury electrodes in the brain to accurately determine the origin of epilepsy and the location of functional areas, which can be removed to protect functional areas. Therefore, for refractory epilepsy surgery, craniotomy is usually required.