1.What is pain?
A: The International Academy of Pain (IASP, 1979) states that pain is an unpleasant sensation and an emotional feeling that accompanies existing or potential tissue damage. Pain is subjective, and each person learns the exact words to express pain early in life through the experience of injury. Pain is a local or overall sensation in the body.
2. What does pain mean to the body?
A: Pain has twofold effects on the body.
1) Beneficial side – alarm effect
Pain is the body’s protective way of responding to its surroundings, avoiding danger and making defensive protective reflexes based on pain, prompting patients to seek medical attention, and pain physicians to diagnose diseases based on the nature of pain. Painless children die from trauma because of the lack of a pain alert system.
2) Disadvantage – Etiology
Severe pain can trigger a series of functional changes in the body such as shock, chronic pain can often make the patient unbearable, and pain is also a cause of disease, disability and death.
3.What are the accompanying symptoms of pain?
1) Physiological symptoms
Severe pain nausea, vomiting, panic, dizziness, cold extremities, cold sweat, decreased blood pressure and even shock.
Chronic pain Insomnia, constipation, loss of appetite.
Intractable pain Restriction of limb movement, and in severe cases, painful disability can be formed.
2)Psychological changes
Intractable and malignant pain is often accompanied by depression and fear, restlessness, irritability, and despair.
3)Behavioral abnormalities
Mostly seen in patients with chronic pain. Constantly recounting the experience of pain, its effect on them. Constantly stroking the painful area or even hammering with violence. Sitting and lying down, screaming and moaning, hurting and destroying things.
4.The causes of pain include several kinds?
A: 1) Nerve damage: damage to the nerve tissue itself, producing pathological impulses to the nerve center, causing the spinal cord to measure the angle, the thalamus, the cerebral cortex in a state of hyperexcitation. Such as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, burning neuralgia, post-herpetic pain, phantom limb pain, etc.
2) Tissue injury: ischemia, inflammation and other tissue injuries cause cell damage and release pain-causing substances. Such as potassium ion, hydrogen ion, tissue press, 5-hydroxytryptamine bradykinin, etc., acting on free nerve endings to produce nociceptive signals.
3) Physical and chemical stimuli: acid and alkaline, hot and cold, electric current, etc., can become an injurious stimulus to the body and cause nociception via sensory nerve transmission to the center. It is also easy to form a vicious circle of pain causing intractable pain.
4) Mechanical stimulation of peripheral nerve: the increase of local tension and tissue inflammation and edema can cause pain to the peripheral nerve due to compression stimulation.
5.How to choose the correct drug treatment?
A: 1) Drug therapy is an important means to relieve pain, and most patients can get good pain relief with proper use.
2) The effective amount of analgesia varies greatly among patients, and the principle of individualization of medication should be followed. The best analgesic effect can be achieved and the pain between medications can be avoided if the medication is administered at fixed intervals in accordance with pharmacogenetics.
3) Active treatment of insomnia is an important element of pain rehabilitation. The application of long-acting preparations or larger doses of analgesia can prolong the analgesic time and make patients sleep peacefully.
4) Oral medication is used to minimize disturbance to the body.
5)Adjuvant drugs can be added to the treatment of states such as anxiety and depression.
6)Choose the appropriate dose. It is not advisable to change the medication casually when the treatment is not effective, but to increase the dose first for satisfactory results. Long-term treatment of drug resistance or shorten the duration of effect, should also be appropriate to increase the dose. Be careful not to exceed the toxic amount.
7) Pay attention to the observation of the effect of medication. Such as onset time, maintenance time, degree of analgesia, side effects, etc. If necessary, make a pain diary.
6) Pain assessment method?
Use the numbers 0-10 to represent different degrees of pain, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the most severe pain, and circle a number that best represents its pain level.
7.What are the pain treatment methods?
A: Pain treatment is first directed at the cause of the disease. Treatment methods include drugs, nerve block, physical therapy, acupuncture, massage therapy, surgical therapy, psychotherapy, Chinese herbal medicine and other methods.