When it is clear that a patient has breast cancer, he or she and the family will be in fear, believing that the more surgery is removed, the “safer” the surgery will be, not to mention the future quality of life and the impact of breast loss. In addition, the more patients around us undergo total mastectomy, the more doubts patients have about breast-conserving surgery, and as a result, those patients who could be breast-conserving choose to undergo total mastectomy, while many patients have to consider breast reconstruction and repair only years later due to a series of problems caused by breast loss. The goal of breast-conserving treatment is to achieve the same survival rate as total mastectomy, reduce local recurrence, and achieve good breast shape through breast-conserving surgery combined with radiation therapy. The failure of breast cancer treatment is often due to the fact that the cancer cells present in the whole body are not destroyed by drugs, not due to “incomplete” local surgery, and the complete removal of the tumor is not a blind enlargement or sacrifice of the whole organ. Therefore, we need to clarify the indications for breast-conserving surgery before surgery, apply color ultrasound, breast MRI and other imaging techniques to exclude multicentric breast cancer, and accurately determine the size and extent of tumor infiltration, so as to decide the safe scope of surgical excision, meet the negative surgical margins while reducing the sacrifice of normal breast tissue, thus reducing the impact of surgery on breast appearance and achieving the therapeutic requirements of breast-conserving surgery. Breast-conserving surgery must also be approached scientifically, and the option of breast-conserving surgery should be abandoned in cases of multicentric, more extensive infiltrative breast cancer and those with persistently positive surgical margins. Through the follow-up of breast cancer in our hospital in the past decade, the current percentage of breast-conserving surgery is over 50%. In the same period, there is no statistical difference in the postoperative survival rate and local recurrence rate between patients who received breast-conserving surgery and those who received total mastectomy, but there is a significant difference in the quality of life and physical and mental status. It is more important to cherish the breast of breast cancer patients and the efforts of doctors. As surgeons should have the responsibility to help breast cancer patients choose the surgical method scientifically and never deprive patients of the opportunity to choose, to communicate fully and carefully with patients before surgery, and to take into account the quality of life of patients after surgery while focusing on the current diagnosis and treatment.