The eyes are the windows to the soul, and every baby should not only have a healthy body, but also a pair of bright eyes, which are very sensitive organs that are vulnerable to various kinds of aggressions, such as temperature, bright light, dust, bacteria and foreign bodies. Whether it is healthy or not is often related to the well-being of the child’s life. From birth to adulthood, a child is always growing and developing, and so are the eyes, which grow gradually as the body grows and develops. So a child’s eyes are by no means a microcosm of an adult’s eyes. The growth and development of the eye begins on the first day of pregnancy, when the mother’s eye begins to take shape in the third week of pregnancy, and thereafter as the embryo develops the fetal eye gradually takes shape. The growth and development after birth can be divided into three stages: the first stage, from birth to 3 years old, is the completion of the structural development of the eye; the second stage, from 3 to 6 years old, is the basic completion of the development of visual function; and the third stage, from then until 18 years old, is the continuous improvement and stabilization of the eye structure and function. The critical period for the development of human vision is 1-2 years old, when the majority of infants and young children’s eyes are not yet mature, we must pay attention to the protection of children’s eyes, once the time is missed, it is irreversible, therefore, parents must take good care of their children’s eyes, and from infancy. How can parents take good care of their children’s eyes in daily life? (1) Usually, eye hygiene is important to prevent infectious diseases. Babies should have their own special washbasin and towel, which should be disinfected by boiling before first use and regularly as needed later. Parents should not use their own handkerchiefs to wipe the infant’s eyes, or use their hands to wipe the eyes of their children, because the parents’ hands or handkerchiefs are often contaminated. When cleaning the infant’s eyes, wet several cotton balls in wet water, then squeeze them dry and wipe each eye with a new cotton ball, rubbing from the inner corner of the eye to the outer corner. Usually, you should also pay attention to wipe away the secretions in time. If there is a lot of eye discharge, use a sterilized cotton swab or towel to wipe the eyes, and chloramphenicol eye drops can be applied, one drop per eye per time, four times a day. (2) noise can make infants’ eyes less sensitive to light and brightness, the stability of visual clarity decreases, so that color vision, color vision abnormalities occur, so that the eyes do not respond to the symmetrical balance of moving objects. Therefore, the baby room ring quiet to keep quiet, do not place high noise household appliances, watch TV or listen to songs, do not put the sound too loud. (3) To prevent strong sunlight or light from shining directly into the baby’s eyes. After the baby is born, there is a huge change from the dark womb environment to the bright world, and the child should have a gradual adaptation process to light. Babies should have enough sleep, and can generally be left on. If you want to turn on the light, the light should not be too strong, but should be covered up, or light from the ground, so that the light does not stimulate the eyes and affect the baby’s sleep. Infants should not choose to go outdoors in the direct sunlight at noon and should wear a sun hat. Infants and toddlers should not be photographed with a flash, because the bright light of the flash can damage the retina. (4) when teasing infants with toys, do not put the toys too close to the eyes, if the toys are placed particularly close, infants have to adjust their eyes to see, so that over time, the baby’s eyes rotate to the middle for a long time, it is possible to develop internal strabismus. Toys should be hung around the enclosure, and the position and direction of the toys should be changed frequently. In addition, infants should be shown brightly colored (yellow, red) toys, often changing colors, more outside to see the scenery of nature, which will help improve the baby’s eyesight. (5) infant sleep position should be changed frequently, do not sleep to one side for a long time. Some mothers always let their children sleep beside them or inside the bed, so that the child always look in the direction of the mother, after a long time will form a strabismus. It is best to let the child sleep in their own bed, the parents can move on both sides. (6) Infants should not watch television. When the TV is on, the tube will emit a certain amount of X-rays, especially color TV, infants are particularly sensitive to X-rays, if adults hold children watching TV, so that infants absorb too much X-rays, infants will appear weak, loss of appetite, malnutrition, white blood cell reduction, developmental delays and other phenomena. (7) Should not use the eyes for a long time, do not make the eyes overworked. The child’s eyes are still developing, and prolonged, close use of the eyes can lead to a sharp decline in vision. During this period, special attention should be paid to limiting the amount of time your child spends working at close range. Generally, it should not exceed 30 minutes each time. Often take your baby to look into the distance and guide your baby’s efforts to identify a target in the distance, which is good for the relaxation of eye muscles and the prevention of myopia. (8) If you find an eye disease, such as conjunctivitis, go to the hospital in time. (9) Prevent foreign body intrusion into the pediatric eye. As the infant’s transient reflex is not yet sound, special attention should be paid to foreign bodies in the eye, such as the infant’s environment should be clean and moist; cleaning should be held away from the child in a timely manner; do not clean the bed when the infant is lying in bed, so as to avoid flying dust or dust in the bed into the child’s eyes, when out in the wind, gauze should be used to cover the child’s face, so as to avoid sand and dust into the eyes; children should also pay attention to avoid bathing liquid to stimulate When bathing the child, care should be taken to avoid irritating the eyes with bathing liquid. When babies use talcum powder after bathing, they should avoid the powder from entering their eyes and prevent dust, sand and small insects from entering their eyes. Once a foreign object enters the eye, do not rub it with your hand, but use a clean cotton swab dipped in warm water to rinse the eye. Because rubbing the eyes with your hands, not only will the foreign body not come out, but will make the corneal epithelium rubbed, so that the foreign body is deeply embedded in the cornea, increasing pain and easily cause bacterial infection and keratitis. (10) To prevent eye trauma in children. The human eye is partially exposed to the outside of the eye socket and is susceptible to injury from a variety of external injury-causing factors. Due to the poor self-protection ability of children, there are relatively more chances of eye trauma, which is more likely to cause serious consequences. For infants within 1 year of age, parents should not take any toys with sharp corners for him to play with. It is best to add soft padding to some angular items, and all sharp household items, such as toothpicks, pencils, scissors, forks, chopsticks, etc., should be carefully collected. Children will walk and run when they reach about 1 year old, so it is even more important to be careful to prevent eye trauma at this time. Never give your infant sharp objects such as knives, scissors, needles, awls, bows and arrows, pencils, chopsticks, etc., so that the infant does not walk unsteadily and fall down and let the sharp objects stab his or her eyeballs. Avoid bringing infants near boiling water, hot oil, or fire in the kitchen to prevent eye injuries. Avoid babies being scratched in the eyes by pets such as cats and dogs. In addition, do not let infants set off firecrackers on their own during the holidays because they cannot master the technique of setting them off. The huge external force of the firecracker explosion and the violent impact on the eye can produce a series of eye injuries, such as ruptured eyelid skin and conjunctiva, burns, and multiple foreign bodies in the cornea and conjunctiva, corneal lacerations, anterior chamber and intraocular hemorrhage, fundus damage and glaucoma, and in severe cases, complete blindness. When using detergent, never splash it into the baby’s eyes. Once it happens, rinse with water immediately, let the baby turn the eyes while rinsing for 15 minutes, and send the baby to the hospital for treatment after rinsing. Flushing the eyes with water is the key to shortening the time the chemical stays in the eye and reducing the concentration of the chemical to minimize the erosion of the eye. If parents simply rinse the eyes and send them to the hospital, this may delay treatment and cause lifelong regret. Second, infants should also be noted in eye care is often observed and checked for abnormalities in vision? Generally, infants aged 1-3 months can only be checked for vision, but their exact vision cannot be judged yet. (The following three simple methods can be used at home to check whether an infant has vision.) (1) Lie the infant on his back, tie a red wool ball with a thread and hold it 20 cm above the child’s eyes to see if he can stare at it, if he can stare at it and follow it as it moves from side to side, it means the child has vision. 2. The child lies on his back, take a pencil and suddenly move it toward the child’s face (be careful not to stab the child’s eyes and face) 3. The child will blink, which means the child can see something. With a flashlight suddenly bright, shine the child’s eyes, the black pupil of the child’s eyes can be seen suddenly narrowed, which also indicates that the child has vision, there is a pupil to light reflex. If the child does not respond accordingly to the above examination, it means that the child does not have vision and should get in touch with the doctor promptly. Children generally need regular eye exams starting at age 3. Failure to correct the eyes by age 8 will result in permanent visual deficits. How to detect pediatric amblyopia early? The best way to detect amblyopia early is to have the child’s vision checked. Before the child’s first vision check, parents should teach the child to recognize the vision chart and try to avoid errors during the vision check. Children should have their vision checked every six months or once a year. If vision is found to be lower than 0.8-0.9 or if there is a difference of more than two lines of vision between the two eyes, the child should go to the hospital for further examination. (Children who have the following conditions are likely to have myopia and should be treated early to get good results.) 1.Squints often when looking at distant objects, otherwise he/she cannot see clearly.) 2.The distance between reading books and watching movies and TV has become closer, especially watching TV always likes to be close to the TV) 3.The phenomenon of tight frown when looking at objects is easily produced.) 4.Changes in personality and mood, such as emotional impatience, relationship with children becomes uncomfortable, action and thinking ability decreases, lack of patience in learning, academic performance decreases, etc. In addition, vision and diet are inseparable, if the body lacks vitamin A, people will suffer from night blindness. Vitamin B1 deficiency can lead to edema in the eyes and loss of vision. Lack of vitamin B2 will lead to tearing and red eyes and inflammation of the cornea. Lack of vitamin C makes them prone to cataract disease. Therefore, parents also need to cultivate reasonable eating habits for infants. For example, eat less candy and foods with high sugar content, less white rice and white flour, more brown rice and coarse flour, less lard, and limit the intake of foods with high protein animal fat and refined sugar. At the same time, eliminate the infant’s bad eating habits of partial eating, and eat more animal liver, eggs, milk, shrimp skin, beans, lean meat, grinded roux and fresh vegetables and fruits. In short, as long as parents pay attention, take care of their children and give them reasonable nutrition, every child will have a pair of bright and clear eyes.