Many patients think that otitis media can be cured by simple medication, but this is actually the misconception of otitis media treatment. Medication only provides temporary relief from the local infectious inflammation of otitis media, so called treating the symptoms but not the root cause. In fact, only through modern microsurgical treatment of the ear can there be any hope of a complete solution to the problem. The purpose of otitis media surgery is threefold: 1) to completely remove the lesion and obtain a “dry ear” (instead of an ear with chronic pus flow); 2) to prevent serious complications caused by otitis media, such as facial palsy, meningitis, brain abscess, etc.; 3) to surgically repair or re-establish the “tympanic membrane – auditory tuberosity – inner ear” sound transmission structure. 3. To repair or re-establish the sound transmission structure of “tympanic membrane – auditory tuberosity – inner ear” to improve the patient’s hearing. For patients with otitis media sarcoidosis or cholesteatoma with a large inward and backward invasion, a modified mastoid radical surgery is required to remove the lesions in the mastoid sinus and mastoid, and a complete or open tympanoplasty is performed as appropriate. If the patient’s auditory tuberosity is destroyed or unsuitable for preservation due to cholesteatoma erosion, an artificial auditory bone is required to reconstruct the auditory chain. The types of artificial bones that are well established for clinical use include Teflon polymer bones, bioceramic bones and titanium bones. The surgeon chooses the appropriate type of artificial bone according to the degree of damage seen intraoperatively and the condition of the residual bone. In some severe and complex cases of chronic suppurative otitis media, staged surgery may be necessary to prevent inner ear infection and reduce the chance of recurrence of the lesion. In order to minimize the financial burden on the patient and save treatment time, the surgeon will strive to complete both the lesion removal and the hearing reconstruction in the same surgery (one stage of hearing reconstruction). However, some patients are still not satisfied with their hearing recovery after surgery, because the new tympanic membrane is stretched by the scar during the healing process, and the connection between it and the hearing bone may be misaligned, so in this case, we have to choose to perform the second-stage surgery one year later. Therefore, the surgeon will explain and communicate with the patient about the lesion and the possible post-operative results before the surgery, and the doctor and patient will discuss together to make the most suitable surgery plan.