Low back pain and leg numbness are mainly caused by lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spondylolisthesis, and lumbar spinal stenosis. A lumbar disc herniation causes pressure changes in the spinal canal, which stimulates the nerves and causes reflex low back pain. Compression of a herniated lumbar disc produces inflammatory factors that cause irritation to the surrounding nerve roots resulting in pain. Compression of the nerve roots or spinal cord by a herniated lumbar disc causes numbness and pain in the area innervated by the sciatic nerve, which manifests as radiating pain and numbness in the lower limbs. Causes of lumbar disc herniation include trauma factors, rupture of the lumbar fibrous ring and lumbar disc herniation due to violent injury to the lumbar spine, increase in the uterus after pregnancy in women, change in the center of gravity of the body and change in the curvature of the spine, which can lead to lumbar disc herniation, and degeneration of the lumbar spine with age is a common cause of lumbar disc herniation.