I. What are upper urinary tract stones? In the urinary system, the kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra together form the entire urinary tract. The kidney and the ureter are connected and together they are called the upper urinary tract. Therefore, upper urinary tract stones also refer to kidney stones and ureteral stones. 1, clinical manifestations (1) pain is the main symptom of upper urinary tract stones often manifested as low back pain or abdominal pain larger stones, causing fluid accumulation resulting in dull pain or hidden pain, often aggravated after activity; smaller stones: smooth muscle spasm resulting in colic, (colic often occurs suddenly, severe pain; sometimes patients accompanied by pale, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting); ureteral end stones: urinary tract irritation symptoms. (2) Hematuria is another major symptom of upper urinary tract stones Mostly microscopic hematuria after activity, stones directly damage the mucosa of kidney and ureter, often after severe pain. (3) Other symptoms: Gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, bladder irritation (urinary frequency, urinary urgency, painful urination), pus urine, chills, fever, etc., in case of bilateral obstruction.