Despite the high level of treatment for congenital heart disease in China, there are still many cases of missed surgery, so “early detection, early diagnosis, close monitoring, and appropriate timing of treatment” is especially important for the treatment of congenital heart disease, because once the condition reaches an advanced stage without suitable treatment at the right time, or is complicated by If congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunt develops Eisenmenger’s syndrome, the chance of surgery is completely lost, which means the quality of life in the future is very poor and eventually there is no normal life expectancy. Theoretically, the earlier the pediatric congenital heart disease is treated with surgery, the better the outcome. Most pediatric congenital heart diseases are not incurable and can be effectively treated with surgery and can learn and live as normal after surgery. However, on the question of whether to operate early, parents have two opposite perceptions, one is that they want to “wait until the child is older”, which results in the child’s condition becoming more and more serious and misses the best surgery period. In the other case, some parents believe that the earlier the surgery, the better, and hope that the child will undergo surgical intervention as soon as he or she is born, which may not be correct either. When is the best time to have surgery? Generally, it depends on the type of disease and condition of the child to choose the appropriate time for treatment. With the continuous improvement of medical technology, surgical treatment in the neonatal period is also very mature. Although the earlier the surgery is performed, the lower the secondary organ damage caused by heart disease, the younger the child, especially those under 6 months old, the more immature their organs are and the more likely they are to suffer from internal environmental disorders and important organ dysfunctions after undergoing extracorporeal circulation and surgical trauma, creating more serious problems for postoperative care and a serious financial burden for the family. In some cases, such as most children with simple ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, observation and regular review to see that the child can grow and develop safely to one year of age or even older, there is no urgency to treat surgically in the newborn or small infant period. However, if the defect is very large, seriously affects the child’s development, has feeding difficulties, or has frequent colds and pneumonia, you need to take the risk of early surgical treatment. Some conditions such as complete transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum, complete pulmonary vein ectopic drainage with a very small atrial defect, or pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum can make surgery more difficult or even cause the child to die prematurely if not operated on in the neonatal or young infant period. Such patients should be treated with early surgery even if their organs are immature. Therefore, the timing of surgical treatment for children with congenital heart disease cannot be based solely on age and tolerance of surgery; the best time for surgery should be based on the specific condition of the child. The best time for surgery is selected by weighing the pros and cons of surgery and observation. Therefore, if a child is suspected of having a precordial heart disease, he or she should be examined and diagnosed at the hospital as early as possible, and the best time for surgery should be determined by a cardiologist based on the condition.