Cervical lesions are common and frequent diseases in gynecology. They include cervical inflammatory disease, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, cervical precancerous lesions) and cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers women’s health, especially in developing countries. It has the second highest incidence rate among female malignancies, second only to breast cancer. Cervical cancer has one thing in common with breast cancer, as it can be exposed and can be screened to achieve early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, it is believed that the occurrence of cervical cancer is closely related to high-risk HPV infection. After about 5-15 years, women infected with high-risk HPV can develop into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cervical precancer), and then develop into cervical cancer after about 5-15 years. Early treatment can achieve clinical cure for most patients, which greatly reduces medical costs and avoids many painful treatments. In the stage of intraepithelial neoplasia, the disease can be treated by local excision of cervical lesions with a small surgical scope and no need to remove the uterus. It allows patients to have an uninterrupted quality of sexual life. As the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stage and early cervical cancer stage, many patients do not have any symptoms, cervical lesions are not obvious in gynecological examination, and there are no special symptoms and signs, so it is difficult to be detected early without screening. Even though some patients have vaginal bleeding after intercourse, patients often think it is abnormal menstruation and fail to go to hospital in time, and the disease keeps progressing and eventually develops into advanced cervical cancer. The screening method for cervical disease is simple, non-invasive, effective and not too costly. At present, high-risk HPV testing combined with cervical TCT (liquid-based cytology) is preferred in large hospitals to screen out patients who may have the disease, and colposcopy and cervical biopsy are performed on these patients to clarify the presence of cervical lesions and achieve early diagnosis and treatment. Cervical smear cytology is still a commonly used screening method for cervical disease in primary care hospitals and has the advantage of being inexpensive, but has a higher rate of missed diagnoses compared to cervical TCT. It should be emphasized that the presence of high-risk HPV infection does not mean that cervical cancer will develop. Most patients (more than 90%) can naturally clear the virus within 1 year after HPV infection, so those who are positive for high-risk HPV but normal for TCT can be reviewed regularly without excessive stress. So what kind of people need to be screened for cervical disease? It is generally accepted that women who are married or have a history of sexual intercourse can be screened for cervical disease. A detailed gynecological examination by an experienced gynecologist is recommended once a year for cervical smear, once every 1-2 years for cervical TCT and once every 2-3 years for HPV. If the test results are abnormal, follow the doctor’s instructions to perform the next test to confirm the diagnosis of the disease. Although science is constantly developing and people’s concept is constantly updated, many women find it difficult to talk about it because they are shy and feel it is their privacy, and some patients think it is unnecessary to go to hospital for examination without symptoms and waste money, so they are unwilling to go to gynecological examination, which eventually leads to symptoms before seeking medical treatment. It is difficult to be cured, which brings huge economic pressure and mental pain to patients and families. Many families are impoverished and even empty because of the disease. As a gynecologist, whenever I see patients with advanced cervical cancer and hear them describe the development of the disease, especially when they tell me that they have bleeding during intercourse and think they have abnormal menstruation, or they are reluctant to consult the doctor due to shyness, and eventually delay the consultation, so that the disease develops continuously and they miss the opportunity to diagnose the disease early, I feel sad and infinitely regretful. Although I repeatedly explain the characteristics of cervical disease and the importance of screening to patients who come to the gynecology clinic, I am faced with a limited number of patients after all! Therefore, I suggest those who read this article to spread more awareness so that women can realize the importance of cervical disease screening, increase the rate of cervical disease screening and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer!