What is the sacrococcygeal sinus

  In recent years, the incidence of hair sinus is increasing year by year, many people are curious about its causes and whether there is a cure for it, so today we will give you a slight analysis.  1, the concept of hidden hair sinus: sacrococcygeal hidden hair sinus is a sinus or cyst containing hair that occurs in the sacrococcygeal region. The disease occurs in young male groups aged 20 to 30 years old, obese and hairy physique is more likely to occur. This type of disease has been reported since the 19th century. The typical symptom is an acute superficial abscess in the sacrococcygeal region, which breaks down into a sinus tract that repeatedly breaks down and remains unresolved for a long time. The cysts often contain hair with granulation tissue. The disease in Europe and the United States is a multi-infection, during World War II, Europe and the United States military personnel riding jeeps for a long time, the incidence of these people is higher, and also has a “jeep disease” called. In recent years, this type of disease in China’s reports are on the rise.  2, what are the causes of Tibetan hair sinus: the occurrence of this disease and the following factors: sedentary, obesity, sacrococcygeal trauma history, etc.. There are specific causes including the following two hypotheses: (1) congenital causes originated from the development of embryology in the 19th century, it is believed that the occurrence of hidden hair sinus is closely related to the development, due to the relevant parts of the medullary canal residue or the development of the central suture deformity of the sacrococcygeal area resulting in the formation of skin inclusions cyst, the hair in which is interpreted as the presence of hair follicles in the invaginated epithelium.  (2) Acquired cause In 1946, Patey reported a case of hair hiding sinus found on the finger of a barber, which made the congenital cause questioned. After that, more scholars believed that the occurrence of hidden hair sinus was caused by injury, foreign body irritation and chronic infection. Walking, sedentary and so on make the sacrococcygeal rub, the hair between the middle hip fissure pierce into the local skin, and the interhip fissure has negative attraction, which can make the shed hair penetrate to the subcutaneous, penetrate into the skin, form short pipeline, short pipeline further dermalization, produce suction, make the hair gather in the subcutaneous fat, so the subcutaneous foreign body is formed, once the local infection occurs, it develops to form cyst.  3.Clinical manifestations: Before the infection of the hair hiding sinus in the sacrococcygeal area, the patient’s symptoms are not obvious or only feel the thickening or hardening of the skin in the sacrococcygeal area, slight swelling or discomfort. The typical symptom is a superficial abscess in the sacrococcygeal area, which can be accompanied by acute inflammatory features such as redness, swelling, heat and pain locally. It breaks down on its own or is surgically incised and a little pus flows out, and a few drainage openings can be completely closed, but most of them show recurrent episodes or frequent flow of water and form sinus tracts or fistulas.  (1) Anti-infection treatment can only control the symptoms, the recurrence rate is very high, and is generally used only for the adjuvant treatment of surgery, to keep the local clean, if the recurrence of abscess, further surgery should be performed.  (2) Muscle-generating drugs are mostly used for postoperative adjuvant drug exchange treatment.  (3) Surgical treatment includes: ① Sinus tract excision. The most commonly used surgical method, focusing on the treatment of the trauma left after excision. The surgery is performed under local anesthesia or low lumbar anesthesia. The patient is placed in the lateral position with an oval incision, which should contain all primary and secondary lesions, and the skin and subcutaneous tissues are incised vertically up to the sacral fascia, and the diseased tissues are fully peeled off and removed and sutured in one stage, which is the most desirable goal. However, because of the large tension on both sides of the edge, it is difficult to achieve a tight suture, and it is easy to leave a dead cavity and accumulate blood or ooze, leading to infection or incisional splitting, thus failing to achieve the expected purpose of one-phase healing. To overcome the tension, tension-reducing sutures or direct open incision can be done. It has been reported that negative pressure closed drainage technique is used in the post-excision trauma of the hidden hair sinus, and satisfactory results can be achieved.  ②Dermoplasty. If the lesion is too large, “z” shaping can be used.  ③Pocket suturing. It is used for cases with large cavities, where the surface part of the sinus wall and the upper cover skin are removed, the cavity is cleared of granulation tissue, hair and sebum, and the skin at the edge of the incision is intermittently sutured with absorbable thread to the cystic wall below. For the surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal sinus, the appropriate surgical method should be selected according to the specific situation of each patient, including the location, scope and incision size of the lesion, with the ultimate goal of complete excision of the lesion and early wound healing.