This disease is one of the common and frequent diseases among women, mostly seen in women aged 25 to 45, which is essentially a disorder of the normal structure of the mammary gland caused by physiological hyperplasia and incomplete regeneration. In our country, cystic changes are rare (Note: it is not uncommon to find them in practice), and glandular hyperplasia is the main cause, so it is often called “breast hyperplasia”. The World Health Organization (WHO) collectively referred to as “benign breast dysplasia”. The risk of malignant changes in this disease is two to four times higher than that of normal women, and the clinical symptoms and signs are sometimes confused with breast cancer. (Note: This is an important reason for the follow-up of patients with breast hyperplasia, in order to detect early breast cancer among them, so as to avoid missed diagnosis) The etiology of this disease is not yet very clear. Currently, it is believed to be related to endocrine disorders and mental factors. The relative decrease of progesterone secretion and the relative increase of estrogen may be an important cause of this disease. In addition, the heterogeneity of breast tissue response to estrogen is also one of the causes of this disease. The main benign hyperplasia of the interstitium, hyperplasia can occur around the ducts and accompanied by the formation of cysts of varying sizes; can also occur in the ducts and manifested as epithelial papillary hyperplasia, accompanied by cystic dilatation of the ducts. In addition, there is a type of lobular parenchymal hyperplasia. The prominent manifestations of breast hyperplasia include breast swelling and pain and breast lumps. Breast tenderness: It is common to have unilateral or bilateral breast tenderness or swelling. The duration of the disease varies from a few months to a few years, and most patients are characterized by cyclic pain, which occurs or worsens during the pre-menstrual period and decreases or disappears after menstruation. It must be noted that the periodicity of breast pain is a typical manifestation of this disease, but the lack of this feature does not negate the existence of lesions. Breast lumps: often multiple, unilateral or bilateral, common in the outer upper quadrant; and the size, texture and often with menstruation is cyclical changes, pre-menstrual lumps increase in size, hard texture, after menstruation, the lump shrinks, the texture is tough and not hard. On palpation, the mass can be palpated as nodular, striated, patchy nodal structure of different sizes, with unclear boundaries with the surrounding tissues, mostly with tenderness, no adhesion with the skin and deep tissues, and can be pushed, and the axillary lymph nodes are not enlarged. In addition, there is a long course of the disease, slow development, and sometimes nipple discharge and other manifestations. Nodules of different sizes in the breast are essentially cystic dilatation of large and small milk ducts, and nipple discharge comes from these cysts, which is yellowish green, brown or bloody, milky or colorless plasma. Based on the above clinical manifestations and signs, it is not difficult to diagnose this disease. However, it should be noted that a small number of patients (about 2-3%) can develop malignant changes, therefore, the suspected patients should pay attention to the follow-up observation, usually every three months to review. Particular vigilance should be exercised in those with unilateral and limited lesions. Since the mechanism and etiology of the disease are not yet known, the current treatment is basically symptomatic. In some patients, the disease may resolve on its own after a few months to 1~2 years, and no treatment is needed. Patients with more obvious symptoms and more extensive lesions can have their breasts lifted up in a bra; oral Chinese medicine Xiao Jindan or Xiaoyao San, or 5% potassium iodide can relieve the symptoms. In recent years, there are more similar medicines, such as breast lumps, breast fetish, asparagus, flat elimination tablets, cystic fetish, triamcinolone acetonide and so on, with varying therapeutic effects. In addition, there are hormone therapy, some people use androgen to treat this disease, in order to inhibit the effect of estrogen, soften the nodules, reduce the symptoms, but this treatment may exacerbate the imbalance of hormones in the human body, and should not be routinely applied. Only when the symptoms are severe, affecting normal work and life, should be considered. During the follow-up observation of the patients, if any lumps with rapid growth or hardening in a short period of time are found, it should be highly suspected to be cancerous, and biopsy or simple excision of the affected breast should be carried out if necessary.