Newborns are often prone to various umbilical disorders such as umbilical infections (commonly known as umbiliculitis) and need to be differentiated from umbilical sinus and umbilical fistula. It is a very common disease in clinical practice. Families should pay attention to it. Today we are going to learn more about it. Umbilical velvet is a growth of residual tissue (embryonic remnants) of the umbilical cord in children, also known as umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp or umbilical polyp. In layman’s terms, an umbilical polyp is a cherry-red, smooth, moist polyp-like growth that appears on the traumatic surface of the umbilical cord after it has fallen off, and may have a small amount of “pus”-like secretion (if bruised, the secretion may be bloody). The fetus is connected to the mother’s placenta through the umbilical cord, which is called the umbilicus where the root of the umbilical cord meets the middle of the fetal abdomen. The umbilical cord contains structures such as the umbilical vein and umbilical artery (which connects to blood vessels in the fetus and is occluded after birth – becoming the hepatic round ligament), as well as the vitelline duct (which connects to the fetus’ small intestine) and the umbilical ureter (which connects to the fetus’ bladder). Under normal circumstances, the yolk duct and other structures are either occluded, fibrotic, or disappear during fetal development and after the umbilicus is severed, leaving only a skin scar depression, the umbilicus, at the end. Umbilical velvet is a polyp-like growth that appears in the umbilicus of a child after the yolk duct is occluded and its distal mucosa (intestinal mucosa) is not completely lost. Umbilical velvet ≠ umbilical granuloma “Umbilical velvet” is referred to as “umbilical granuloma” in some literature. In fact, the origin of the umbilical velvet is a congenital malformation and not a granuloma. Probably because the term “umbilical velvet” and its English translation are not available in medical dictionaries, but only “umbilical granuloma” and its English translation, these authors consider umbilical velvet to be equivalent to umbilical granuloma. In fact, the synonym of “umbilical velvet” is “umbilical omphalomesenteric duct polyp” or “umbilical polyp The term “umbilical polyp” can be found in medical dictionaries. Umbilical granuloma (umbilical granuloma) is a polyp-like growth formed as a result of foreign body irritation (e.g. talcum powder, blood scabs) or infection of the unhealed wound after the umbilical cord is broken. The connection and difference between umbilical velvet and umbilical sinus and umbilical fistula Connection: All three originate from the residual tissue of the embryonic yolk tube. 1. Differences: There are morphological differences between the three, with the latter two being tubular in shape (umbilical sinus – not connected to the intestinal canal; umbilical fistula – connected to the intestinal canal). 2, pathology editor gross morphology: cherry red, smooth and moist surface, polyp-like. The small ones are about the size of green beans, and the large ones can be more than 0.5 cm in diameter, with some of the roots becoming thin and forming tips. Histomorphology: umbilical skin squamous epithelium attached to the embryonic remnants of intestinal mucosa. 3, treatment editor (1) general umbilical velvet can be cured with saline with 1% methyl violet solution (commonly known as purple potion). After cleaning the baby’s navel with saline every day, apply the solution to the umbilical cord 2 times a day, and it will be cured within 10 days (there are patients who are cured in more than 40 days, it is important to persist). (2) Small size of the umbilical cord velvet, available 10% silver nitrate cauterization (drug corrosion). (3) The umbilical cord with a tip can be tied with a thread and the residual part can be cauterized with 10% silver nitrate. (4) For thick umbilical cord, surgical removal is usually required. (5) Other treatment methods, such as laser treatment, can also be used. (6) Those with comorbidities need to be hospitalized for examination and treatment.