Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by the increased permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane to plasma proteins, resulting in the loss of large amounts of plasma proteins from the urine, leading to a series of pathophysiological changes. Hormones, immunosuppressants, diuretics, anticoagulants and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists are often used in clinical treatment. Hormone is the most important drug for the treatment of pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Prednisone is preferred in all initial cases, and the course of treatment is medium-range therapy or medium-long course therapy, and most patients can achieve satisfactory results. Generally, the starting dose is 1,5~2,0mg/kg/d, and the total daily dose does not exceed 60mg, which is maintained for 2 weeks after the urine protein turns negative, at least 4 weeks, and then enters the consolidation maintenance phase. The total duration of treatment is 9 months to 1 year. Prednisone has many side effects with long-term use, and many patients cannot tolerate it. Other side effects such as Cushing’s disease occur. The side effects are significantly reduced with the use of oral substitution of Acetasone or Medrol. Second, the treatment of edema Treatment in addition to a low-salt diet, the routine use of diuretics, for mild edema, often using a combination of dihydrocoumaric and aminoglycoside oral, for obvious edema or oral diuretic effect is not obvious, you can first add drugs to enhance the plasma colloid osmotic pressure such as static albumin, low molecular dextrose. Then tachyphylaxis is administered, and after the swelling subsides significantly, oral diuretics are used instead. Blood electrolyte and calcium balance need to be paid attention to during the treatment. For some refractory nephropathy, in addition to the traditional immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, phenylbutazone mustard, azathioprine, vincristine, etc., new immunosuppressants have emerged in recent years, such as: cyclosporine A, mycophenolate, FK506, melphalan, etc., often used for cyclosporine A and mycophenolate. 1.Cyclosporine A Cyclosporine A is effective in recurrent microscopic lesions, membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and can induce remission and control relapse. The initial dose is 3mg/kg/d, and the serum creatinine is monitored after 1 week. If the serum creatinine does not exceed 30% of the basal creatinine, the dose is increased to 5mg/kg/d. Later, the dose is adjusted according to the concentration of cyclosporine A, and the blood concentration of cyclosporine A is maintained at 100-200ug/L. The dose is gradually reduced in 6-9 months, and the total course of treatment is 12 months. 2.Mycophenolate ester Mycophenolate ester dose is 25-30mg/kg/d, combined with low-dose hormone therapy, the course of treatment for 6 months ~ 1 year or longer. IV. Anticoagulant therapy Children with nephropathy with hypercoagulable state can all use anticoagulants, using low-molecular heparin for subcutaneous injection every morning. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist The common angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used in our hospital is benazepril 10mg/d orally. The common angiotensin receptor antagonist in our hospital is valsartan tablets 40mg/d orally, which can not only reduce protein but also slow down the progression of renal damage caused by various etiologies of renal insufficiency. If necessary, it can be applied in combination. Immunomodulators Children with kidney disease are often prone to infections due to swelling and proteinuria as well as the application of hormone immunosuppressants, and infections are an important cause of recurrent kidney disease. Therefore, it is especially important to improve the body’s resistance. It is often treated with rejuvenation granules, astragalus granules and Bailing capsules. If necessary, intravenous propecia and thymidine can be added to the treatment.