Atrial fibrillation, or AF, is an abnormal electrical generation and transmission in the atria and is the most common clinical arrhythmia. In atrial fibrillation, the intra-atrial excitation conduction is fast and irregular, and can be as high as 300-600 beats/min. Due to the filtering protection of the atrioventricular node these excitations partially reach the ventricles, causing a fast and definitely irregular heart rate (heartbeat) ventricular rate can be as high as 100-160 beats/min. The main risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation are age, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, chronic lung disease, hyperthyroidism, and cardiac surgery. The three main hazards of atrial fibrillation are: cerebral infarction (stroke), heart failure and reduced quality of life, in addition to the fact that the mortality rate of patients with atrial fibrillation is twice as high as that of normal people. The loss of atrial systolic function and prolonged increase in heart rate in atrial fibrillation can lead to heart enlargement and heart failure; more dangerously, atrial fibrillation can greatly increase the risk of blood clots and cerebral infarction. In atrial fibrillation, blood tends to stagnate in the atria, which can lead to the formation of thrombi, which can be dislodged and cause embolism in various parts of the body, such as the brain (stroke, hemiparesis), limbs (severe cases even require amputation), and intestines (abdominal pain, blood in the stool). Nearly 10% of stroke patients seen in neurology are caused by atrial fibrillation. The fast and irregular ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation can cause palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, and individual patients may faint, which seriously affects the quality of life. There are many different classifications of atrial fibrillation, but the most practical classification that reflects the stage of progression of atrial fibrillation is to classify atrial fibrillation into paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (early stage), persistent atrial fibrillation (mid-stage) and long-term persistent atrial fibrillation (late stage). The earlier AF is treated, the higher the success rate. The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is simple. When a patient feels that his or her heart is beating erratically, he or she should immediately go to the nearest hospital and have an electrocardiogram performed to confirm the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. For patients with short episodes, an ambulatory electrocardiogram may be considered. Treatment of atrial fibrillation includes treatment of the cause (treatment of hyperthyroidism, antihypertensive treatment, etc.), removal of triggering factors (smoking cessation, alcohol restriction, avoidance of emotional excitement, etc.), pharmacological treatment and non-pharmacological treatment. (1) anticoagulation therapy, which aims to prevent thromboembolic complications, commonly used drugs are warfarin (new anticoagulants used abroad such as dabigatran are not yet widely used in China due to their high price). (2) Anti-arrhythmic treatment, the purpose of which is to restore sinus rhythm or control excessive ventricular rate, the commonly used drugs are mainly cantharone (amiodarone), cardioplegia (propafenone), betalactone, isoptin, etc. The disadvantages of antiarrhythmic therapy are that long-term medication is inevitably associated with side effects, and some antiarrhythmic drugs also cause arrhythmic effects. (3) Upstream treatment of atrial fibrillation, basic research has found that some antihypertensive drugs and lipid-lowering drugs have been the effect of atrial fibrillation episodes, but the clinical effect is still inaccurate. The main non-pharmacological treatments are: (1) electrical resuscitation, most patients will relapse after resuscitation. (2) Radiofrequency ablation therapy, which is the most rapidly developing technology in the field of atrial fibrillation treatment in the past decade, has the advantages of less trauma, less risk and can cure atrial fibrillation, and the latest atrial fibrillation treatment guidelines both at home and abroad recommend catheter ablation therapy as the first choice of treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. (3) Surgical maze surgery is mainly used for patients with AF who need cardiac surgery for other cardiac diseases, and its efficacy is certain, but it is relatively more invasive and risky. (4) Atrioventricular node ablation followed by pacemaker implantation, which is less commonly used today. As the population ages and people’s lifestyle changes, atrial fibrillation has become a common disease in cardiology, and atrial fibrillation and heart failure have been described as the “cardiovascular epidemic of the 21st century”. Early detection of atrial fibrillation and early formal treatment are crucial for patients. The continuous development of new devices, theories and methods in the field of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation therapy will surely bring benefits to more patients with atrial fibrillation.