The foreskin, as a unique male organ tissue, is hidden and often does not easily attract attention. However, as part of the important male genitalia, it is susceptible to numerous diseases that can affect male genitourinary health to varying degrees. It can be said that foreskin diseases are common, but by no means trivial.
The most common circumcision diseases are circumcision and prepuce, and standardized diagnosis and treatment is essential to maintain male health.
I. Why should we remove the excess foreskin?
On this issue, it should be discussed separately according to children and adults.
For children, the benefits of circumcision are mainly
1. facilitates cleanliness and reduces the incidence of penile inflammation
2. Protection from urinary tract infections, thus avoiding damage to the developing kidneys.
3, reduce and eliminate the adverse effects of severe circumcision on penile development.
For adults, the significance of circumcision is also clear: 1.
1. Improved hygiene is always a reason to support circumcision. It is always known that microorganisms can easily grow under the foreskin, which can lead to foreskin infection or glansitis. In addition, bacteria can also invade the urethra, which can lead to triggering infections. The circumcision can effectively improve the local hygiene condition.
2, reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. A large sample of foreign research suggests that circumcision reduces syphilis infection by about 39%, soft chancre by 0-88%, HSV-2 by about 12%, genital ulcers by about 48% and HIV by about 60%.
3.Reduce the incidence of penile cancer and cervical cancer. This is mainly related to the significant reduction of HPV infection after circumcision.
4.Reducing the incidence of prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer is 1.6 times to 2 times higher in uncircumcised men compared to circumcised men. The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing every year, and if circumcision is further proven to prevent prostate cancer, it can undoubtedly provide significant health benefits.
The timing of circumcision
Many countries around the world advocate circumcision during infancy. This has a lot to do with religion. According to the Bible, Abraham, the ancestor of the Jews, was circumcised at the age of 99, at the will of God. God told Abraham that for generations to come, Jewish men would be circumcised on the 8th day of their birth. Jesus Christ (Jesus
Christ, as a Jew, was circumcised on the 8th day of his birth (born on December 25, 1 AD), i.e., January 1, 2 AD. Islamic teachings also believe that men should be circumcised before they reach adulthood, and this teaching has been spread. Chinese circumcision actually emerged after Islam was introduced to China, so the circumcision rate in China is very low compared to many countries in the world, and the age at circumcision is on the older side.
Consider the overall health benefits of circumcision for children. After weighing the benefits and risks of the procedure, we believe that the best time for circumcision is in childhood.
The timing and protocol of treatment should be individualized to the child. Children who are simply circumcised can be operated on after school age. Parents can pay attention to cleaning the foreskin to reduce the accumulation of prepuce; pay attention to the choice of intimate clothing to reduce external stimulation of the foreskin as well as the penis; and seek medical attention as early as possible for possible lesions or for children with painful, red and swollen penis. The timing of surgery for circumcision patients should be chosen as early as possible before school age. As patients with prepuce grow older, the pathological structure of the inner plate of the foreskin changes continuously, showing inflammatory changes of varying degrees. Early circumcision can avoid producing significant pathological changes.
Third, the method of circumcision
There are many methods of circumcision.
The traditional manual circumcision is still in clinical use today. Traditional circumcision has a history of 4,000 years and is still the conventional procedure for the treatment of prepuce and circumcision. The circumcision procedure is flexible, but often has high requirements for the operator. In addition to anatomical and general surgical knowledge, it is also necessary to have a foundation in reproductive physiology and plastic surgery (or even microsurgery), to follow strict aseptic principles, and to perform fine and accurate surgical operations to achieve satisfactory results.
Instrument method circumcision. Our department has carried out a large number of Chinese commercial ring circumcision procedures. The method of circumcision by inserting the inner ring has achieved satisfactory results in both children and adults. In children, this method is particularly suitable. After the operation, the child can take a bath and play sports, basically not affecting daily life and study, and the complication rate is extremely low.
IV. Postoperative care of circumcision
Wound care should pay attention to cleanliness and dryness. After surgery, it is often not necessary to go to the hospital frequently to change medication, but using a disinfectant solution that is harmless to the skin for cleaning and drying the wound in time after cleaning has a significant effect on the prevention of infection after surgery.
Children are often afraid to urinate after circumcision. Pediatric patients should be encouraged not to control their water intake for fear of painful urination. Patients should be encouraged to urinate promptly and to sleep at night after urination.
Postoperative activity rest and diet. Do not exercise strenuously after surgery to avoid penile edema, which may affect wound healing. Wear loose shorts in summer to reduce sassafras. Also should strengthen nutrition, into rich protein and vitamin diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, to promote early wound healing.