Congenital heart
Causes: Some chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with congenital heart disease; family history of congenital heart disease.
Signs Self-test: blue lips and mouth; heart murmur; poor physical strength; susceptibility to whistling infections.
Diagnostic tests: physical signs, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram cardiac vectorography
Coronary heart disease
Causes: Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, etc. lead to hardening and narrowing of blood vessels, blocking blood flow and causing damage to the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen.
Signs and symptoms: posterior sternal or precordial pain or tightness-like pain during exertion or mental stress; chest tightness, palpitations and shortness of breath during physical activity; exercise-related headache, toothache and leg pain; chest pain and palpitations during a full meal, cold or watching a thriller; sudden chest pain, palpitations and difficulty in whistling when lying down; panic and chest tightness during sexual intercourse or difficult bowel movements.
Diagnostic tests: echocardiography and intravascular ultrasound; nuclear myocardial imaging; ambulatory electrocardiogram.
Hypertensive heart disease
Causes: Arterial hypertension leads to left ventricular hypertrophy; pulmonary hypertension leads to right ventricular hypertrophy. Due to the long-term increase in blood pressure, the left ventricular pumping resistance of the heart rises, the left ventricle is chronically overloaded, gradually hypertrophied and dilated due to compensation, with increased myocardial oxygen consumption and increased myocardial weight without a corresponding increase in blood supply. At the same time, hypertension damages the coronary vessels and atherosclerosis occurs, which reduces the blood supply to the myocardium. The combined effect of the two can lead to heart rhythm disorders, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Self-testing of signs: High blood pressure is found during physical examination. Headache. Unexplained nosebleeds.
Diagnostic tests: Blood pressure measurement; electrocardiogram.
Rheumatic heart disease
Causes: Rheumatic heart valve disease, also known as chronic rheumatic heart disease, is a kind of heart disease mainly caused by the lesions of heart valves left after acute rheumatic heart disease.
Signs self-test: palpitations and shortness of breath, shortness of breath after activity, fatigue, weakness, hemoptysis and other left heart insufficiency. In severe cases, dizziness, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and even syncope and sudden death may occur. In late stage, symptoms of left heart insufficiency such as dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, etc. The physical signs are loud and rough blowing systolic murmur heard in the aortic valve area, conduction to the neck, with systolic tremor, etc.
Diagnostic tests: electrocardiogram, chest X-ray; echocardiogram; right heart catheterization.
Pulmonary heart disease
Causes: Abbreviated as pulmonary heart disease, it is a heart disease characterized by right ventricular hypertrophy due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to various thoracic and bronchopulmonary pathologies, which finally results. Most pulmonary heart disease develops from chronic bronchitis and obstructive emphysema, and a few are associated with bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, and bronchiectasis. Pulmonary heart disease is a perennial condition that is often complicated by whistling infections in the winter and spring, leading to whistling failure and heart failure, with a high mortality rate.
Self-evaluation of signs and symptoms: whistling acidosis and whistling failure, palpitations and shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, and lower limb edema are often present. In severe cases, there may be obvious cyanosis, whistling difficulties and other symptoms, and even drowsiness, convulsions, coma and other manifestations of pulmonary encephalopathy.
Diagnostic tests: blood picture; blood gas analysis; X-ray; cardiac ultrasonography.
Cardiac muscle, cardiac tumor and vascular lesions
Causes: Myocardial changes due to metabolic or hormonal abnormalities, etc. Sometimes alcoholism and drugs also cause myocardial changes. Most cardiac tumors are benign, with mucinous tumors being the most common, and primary cardiac malignancies are rare. Vascular lesions include aneurysms caused by hypertension and other vascular lesions caused by abnormal immune function. It is usually seen in elderly heart disease.
Signs and symptoms: irregular heart rhythm, shortness of breath during exercise, edema of the lower extremities, lethargy, pink frothy sputum on coughing, and poor appetite.
Diagnostic tests: all tests related to hypertension and heart disease, especially when chest pain and unexplained symptoms appear to seek immediate medical attention.