The precautions for hypertension include the following (a) reasonable diet; (b) moderate exercise; (c) quit smoking and limit alcohol; (d) psychological balance; (e) self-management; and (f) seek medical attention on time.
I. Reasonable diet
The importance of diet for hypertension: people are food-oriented, a reasonable diet can make you neither fat nor thin, and your cholesterol is neither high nor low. Liu Linqiang, Department of Cardiology, Pingdu City People’s Hospital
Dietary contraindications for patients with hypertension.
①Carbohydrate food.
Suitable foods — rice, porridge, noodles, pasta, kudzu, soup, taro, soft beans.
Foods to be avoided — sweet potatoes (foods that produce abdominal gas), dried beans, strong-flavored cookies.
②Protein foods — beef, lean pork, white meat and fish, eggs, milk, dairy products (whipped cream, yeast milk, ice cream, cheese), soybean products (tofu, natto, soybean flour, oiled tofu)
Foods to be avoided – foods with a lot of fat (beef, pork pancetta, pork ribs, whale, herring, tuna, etc., processed products (sausage)
③Fatty foods
Suitable foods – vegetable oil, small amount of cream, salad dressing
Foods to be avoided – animal oil, raw lard, bacon, sardines in oil
④Vitamin and mineral foods
Suitable foods — vegetables (spinach, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, lily root, pumpkin, eggplant, cucumber) fruits (apples, oranges, pears, grapes, watermelon)
Seaweeds, mushrooms should be cooked before eating.
Foods that should be avoided – vegetables with hard fibers (burdock, bamboo shoots, beans)
Stimulating vegetables (aromatic vegetables, mangosteen, mustard, spring onions, mustard greens)
⑤ Other foods
Foods to be avoided — light aromatic tea, yeast milk drinks
Foods to be avoided—Spices (chili, curry powder)
Alcoholic beverages, salt-soaked foods (adult vegetables, adult fish roe)
Pickles, coffee
Dietary habits that should be observed in patients with hypertension
① First of all, we should control the intake of energy, advocate eating compound sugars, such as starch, corn, less glucose, fructose and sucrose, these sugars are monosaccharides, easy to cause elevated blood lipids.
② Limit the intake of fat. When cooking, choose vegetable oil, can eat more sea fish, sea fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, can make cholesterol oxidation, thus reducing plasma cholesterol, can also prolong the cohesion of platelets, inhibit thrombosis, prevent stroke, also contains more linoleic acid, to increase the elasticity of microvessels, prevent blood vessel rupture, prevent hypertension complications have a certain role.
③ Moderate intake of protein. The daily amount of protein for hypertensive patients is 1g per kilogram of body weight is appropriate. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve vascular elasticity and permeability and increase urinary sodium excretion, thus reducing blood pressure. If hypertension is combined with renal insufficiency, protein intake should be limited.
④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium and low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp, and lettuce. Foods with high calcium content: milk, sour milk, shrimp skin. Eat less broth, because broth contains increased nitrogen leachate, which can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver and kidneys.
⑤ Limit salt intake: daily should be gradually reduced to less than 6g, that is, ordinary beer cover after removing the gel pad, a flat cover of salt is about 6 g. This amount refers to the amount of salt including cooking salt and other foods containing sodium converted into the total amount of salt. Properly reduce the intake of sodium helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the body’s sodium and water retention.
Add more fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat not less than 8 taels of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 taels of fruits every day.
(7) Appropriately increase the intake of seafood: such as seaweed, nori, seafood fish, etc.
Second, moderate exercise
The importance of exercise for hypertension: there is a saying: “When you are young, trade your health for money, when you are old, trade your exercise for health.” Exercise can not only promote blood circulation, reduce cholesterol production, and can enhance the occurrence of muscle, bone and joint stiffness. Exercise increases appetite, promotes bowel movement, prevents constipation, and improves sleep. Have the habit of continuous exercise: it is best to do aerobic exercise to help. Aerobic exercise can lower blood pressure as well as weight loss, such as walking, jogging, tai chi, cycling and swimming are all aerobic exercises.
1. Precautions for performing exercise.
① Do not overdo or too strong too tired, to take a gradual approach to increase the amount of activity.
② Pay attention to the surrounding environment and climate: summer: avoid the sunny hours at noon; winter: pay attention to keep warm and prevent stroke.
③ Wear comfortable and sweat-absorbing clothes: choosing cotton clothing and sports shoes are necessary.
④ Choose safe places: such as parks and schools, not in alleys or on the roadside.
⑤ When exercising, do not fast to avoid hypoglycemia, it should be 2 hours after meals.
2. Contraindications to exercise
① Stop exercising when you are sick or unwell
② not to do exercise when hungry or an hour after a meal
③ Exercise should not be stopped immediately, to comply with the steps of the exercise program
④ Any discomfort in the movement should be stopped immediately
C. Quit smoking and limit alcohol
Smoking can lead to high blood pressure. Studies have shown that the heart rate increases by 5-20 times per minute after smoking a cigarette.
-Why is this? Because tobacco contains nicotine (nicotine) will excite the central nervous system and sympathetic nerves, making the heart rate faster, but also prompt the adrenal glands to release a large number of catecholamines, so that small arteries constrict, resulting in higher blood pressure. Nicotine will also stimulate the chemoreceptors in the blood vessels, reflexively causing an increase in blood pressure. Long-term heavy smoking also promotes atherosclerosis of the large arteries and the gradual thickening of the intima of the small arteries, which gradually hardens the entire blood vessel. At the same time, because the smoker’s blood carbon monoxide hemoglobin content increases, thus reducing the oxygen content of the blood, so that the arterial intima is hypoxic, the oxygen content of the lipids in the arterial wall increases, accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, people without hypertension can prevent the occurrence of hypertension by quitting smoking, and people with hypertension should quit smoking.
Compared to smoking, the pros and cons of drinking alcohol on the body are controversial. Various reports appear from time to time, some saying that drinking a small amount of alcohol is beneficial and some saying that it is harmful, but one thing that is certain is that drinking large amounts of alcohol is definitely harmful, and high concentrations of alcohol can lead to atherosclerosis and aggravate hypertension.
Fourth, the psychological balance
The psychological manifestations of hypertension patients are nervousness, irritability and emotional instability, which in turn are the triggers that make blood pressure rise. Patients can change their behavior, develop good adaptability to the natural environment and society, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, and be calm and collected when things go wrong; when there is greater mental pressure should try to release, confide in friends, relatives or encourage participation in relaxing amateur activities, pour their spirit into music or flowers, so that they live in the best situation, so as to maintain Stable blood pressure.
V. Self-management
1.Measure blood pressure regularly, at least once in 1-2 weeks
2, treatment of hypertension should adhere to the “three hearts”, that is, confidence, determination, perseverance, only by doing so can prevent or postpone the damage to the important organs of the body
3.Take antihypertensive drugs regularly, do not reduce or stop the dosage at will, can be adjusted under the guidance of the doctor and the current condition to prevent blood pressure rebound
4, conditions allow, can provide their own sphygmomanometer and learn to self-test blood pressure
5, with taking appropriate drugs, but also pay attention to the combination of work and rest, pay attention to diet, appropriate exercise, maintain emotional stability, sleep enough.
6, the elderly can not be too hasty to lower blood pressure, blood pressure should be controlled at 140-159mmhg as appropriate, to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
7, the elderly and taking norepinephrinergic nerve endings blocking drugs to prevent postural hypotension
8, do not need to strictly prohibit sex: note the following conditions, should not have sex ① do not have intercourse immediately after ② alcohol should be prohibited after sex ③ if dizziness, chest tightness and other discomfort to stop sex, and promptly seek medical attention.
Six, seek medical attention on time
①After taking the medicine ②Blood pressure is elevated or too low, blood pressure fluctuates greatly ③Emergence, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia, aphasia, impaired consciousness, breathing difficulties, limb weakness, etc. that is to go to the hospital for medical treatment. If the condition is critical, request to save 120 emergency center
Ten methods of tea therapy for hypertension patients
Hypertension is a common disease in the elderly, patients should adhere to drug therapy, often with Chinese herbal tea drinking can also play a very good auxiliary therapeutic effect.
Chrysanthemum tea: all chrysanthemum should be chrysanthemum, its taste is not bitter, especially in the Suzhou and Hangzhou area of the best white chrysanthemum or small white chrysanthemum, each time with about 3 grams of tea, three times a day; can also be used chrysanthemum plus honeysuckle, licorice with the decoction of tea, which has a calming effect on the liver and eyes, clearing heat and detoxification. For hypertension, arteriosclerosis patients have significant curative effect.
Hawthorn tea: the ingredients contained in hawthorn can help digestion, dilate blood vessels, lower blood sugar and lower blood pressure. At the same time, regular consumption of hawthorn tea has obvious auxiliary effect on the treatment of hypertension. The method of drinking is to use 1-2 fresh hawthorn berries several times a day to make tea.
Lotus leaf tea: Chinese medicine practice shows that the infusion and decoction of lotus leaf has the effect of dilating blood vessels, relieving heat and lowering blood pressure. At the same time, lotus leaf is also a good medicine for fat reduction and fat removal. Treatment of hypertension is to drink: half a fresh lotus leaf washed and chopped, add an appropriate amount of water, boiled and cooled offspring tea to drink.
Sophora flower tea: the buds of the Sophora tree growth is picked and dried, soaked in boiling water as tea, drink several times a day, has a unique therapeutic effect on patients with hypertension. At the same time, acacia flowers have the effect of constricting blood vessels and stopping bleeding.
Shou Wu tea: Shou Wu has the effect of lowering blood lipids and reducing the formation of thrombosis. Increased blood lipids, often drink Shou Wu tea is very effective. Its preparation method is to take 20-30 grams of the system Shou Wu, add water and decoction for 30 minutes, to be cooled as tea, a daily dose.
Pueraria Mirifica tea: Pueraria Mirifica has the effect of improving blood circulation in the brain, and has a good effect on relieving headaches, dizziness, tinnitus and back pain caused by high blood pressure. Regular consumption of Pueraria Mirifica tea has obvious curative effect on the treatment of hypertension, its preparation is to wash and cut Pueraria Mirifica into thin slices, 30 grams per day, add water and boil and drink as tea.
Lotus heart tea: the so-called lotus heart is the middle of the lotus seeds green germ, its taste is extremely bitter, but has excellent antihypertensive effect on fat. With 12 grams of lotus heart, boiling water brewing offspring tea, drink once a day in the morning and evening, in addition to lowering blood pressure, there are heat, tranquilizing, cardiac effects.
Cassia seeds tea: Chinese medicine cassia seeds has the effect of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, clearing the liver and eyes. Regular consumption of cassia seed tea has the special effect of treating hypertension. Several times a day with 15-20 grams of cassia seeds in water for tea, is the treatment of hypertension, dizziness, blurred vision of the wonderful product.
Mulberry tea: the herb mulberry for the kidneys and blood tonic agent. Chinese medicine clinical evidence shows that the use of mulberry decoction as tea, the treatment of hypertension has obvious auxiliary effect. Mulberry tea is made by taking 15 grams of dried mulberry, decocted for 15 minutes and then drink once a day in the morning and once in the evening.
Corn beard tea: Corn beard not only has a very good effect of lowering blood pressure, but also has anti-diarrhea, hemostatic, diuretic and stomach healing effects. Make tea several times a day, 25-30 grams each time. In the clinical application of corn beard treatment due to nephritis caused by swelling and hypertension is particularly effective.