I. Treatment goals: Relief of symptoms, reduction of recurrence, reduction of detoxification, and reduction of psychological burden on patients. Patient education: HSV-2 infection is more prone to recurrence than HSV-1 infection, but with the prolongation of the disease, there is a tendency to reduce recurrence in some patients. Regular lifestyle habits, appropriate physical exercise and good psychological status should be maintained. Excessive alcohol consumption, fatigue, cold, anxiety and stress are common triggers for genital herpes recurrence. For the health of the sexual partner and to reduce cross-contamination, the necessary preventive measures should be taken in a timely manner, and the disease suggests that the sexual partner be examined and treated as soon as possible. For pregnant patients, there is no clear evidence to confirm that HSV can infect the fetus through blood or amniotic fluid. Systemic treatment: mainly antiviral therapy, divided into intermittent therapy and long-term suppressive therapy. For patients with subclinical HSV activation, reasonable antiviral therapy can be given according to the specific situation, especially the patient’s own needs. 1. Intermittent therapy: i.e., antiviral drugs are given during an attack. It is recommended to start the medication within 24h of the appearance of prodromal symptoms or lesions. Options include: oral acyclovir 200mg 5 times daily for 5 days; or acyclovir 400mg 3 times daily for 5 days; or valacyclovir 500mg 2 times daily for 5 days; or valacyclovir 300mg 2 times daily for 7 days; or famciclovir 250mg 3 times daily for 5 days. For primary genital herpes, the treatment dose remains the same and the course of treatment is extended to 10 days. 2. Long-term suppressive therapy: For patients with frequent episodes, long-term suppressive therapy can be recommended for a duration of 6 months or longer, depending on patient needs and efficacy. There is no evidence that long-term suppressive therapy can prevent relapse after discontinuation. Options include: oral acyclovir 400mg twice daily; or valacyclovir 500mg once daily. 3. Treatment of special populations: (1) Neonatal herpes: HSV infection in neonates, especially disseminated infection, should be treated with early intravenous antiviral therapy such as acyclovir (5 mg/kg each time) once every 8 hours. After the symptoms are controlled, oral therapy can be considered for maintenance. (2) Herpes in pregnancy: The use of antiviral therapy in pregnant women should be weighed against the pros and cons and requires informed consent from the patient. Drug options include acyclovir and valacyclovir, both of which have no evidence of teratogenicity. In pregnant women with initial genital herpes, oral acyclovir 400 mg three times daily is recommended, and intravenous acyclovir should be administered if there are serious complications that may be life-threatening. Pregnant women with frequent recurrent or recent infections may be given continuous oral acyclovir during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy to reduce active damage and decrease local viral load, thereby reducing cesarean delivery rates. Pregnant women with a previous history of recurrent genital herpes but no signs of recurrence near term may undergo cesarean section before rupture of membranes if not contraindicated, but cesarean section does not completely prevent the development of neonatal herpes. Women without active lesions may deliver vaginally, but the newborn should be monitored closely and treated promptly if suspicious manifestations are detected. (3) People with co-infection with HIV: The same treatment strategy as for infection in the general population. Long-term suppressive therapy is preferred for those with frequent episodes, but drug resistance should be a concern. Local treatment: Keep the affected area locally clean and dry, use physiological sodium chloride solution, 3% boric acid solution, etc. to clean or wet compress, if there is no obvious exudation can be used topically 3% acyclovir cream, 1% penciclovir cream, etc.