Congenital muscular torticollis is a common pediatric condition in which the head and face of the neck are deformed to one side due to contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side. The true etiology of congenital muscular torticollis is unknown, but studies have shown a definite association with the intrauterine environment. It often occurs in breech position and in advanced primigravida. The clinical presentation is a mass in the middle or lower part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side, which may appear after birth or in the second or third week. The head is tilted to the affected side, the jaw is rotated to the opposite side, and neck rotation to the affected side and tilt to the opposite side are limited. The mass may gradually decrease in size and the sternocleidomastoid muscle may become cord-like. With prolonged lack of treatment, the child may develop secondary developmental deformities of the head and face, with increasing bilateral facial asymmetry with growth. Congenital myelomeningocele should be differentiated from ophthalmogenic obliquity, bony obliquity (e.g. Klippel-feil syndrome, hemivertebral malformation), inflammatory obliquity, neck injury (atlantoaxial joint rotational subluxation, fracture), and neurological obliquity. Treatment Initially, conservative treatment is feasible, with massage and passive pulling treatment. If conservative treatment is not effective, surgical treatment can be performed by cutting and releasing the head end of sternocleidomastoid muscle or cutting and releasing the upper and lower ends.