Ovarian cysts are a gynecological disease that can pose a threat to health. If ovarian cysts are found in the body, they should be treated with caution and the usual treatment is surgery. Generally, the doctor will make a comprehensive consideration based on the patient’s age, the size of the cyst, and the nature of the cyst before deciding whether to perform surgery. First of all, a single smaller cyst is found, which generally means a cyst of 5 cm or less is found and taken for observation and follow-up. With regular checkups, the cyst gradually shrinks until it disappears, usually this kind of ovarian cyst is physiological cyst and can be left untreated. If inflammation occurs around the ovary and cysts are formed as a result of the inflammatory reaction, which is also diagnosed as inflammatory cysts after examination, then anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy treatment is required. If the cyst is found to be relatively large (more than 5 cm) and never goes away, this is an abnormal condition and requires surgical removal (commonly laparoscopic surgery). In addition, for cysts with a family history of hereditary disease and those that have been identified as malignant tumors or with a tendency to become cancerous, early surgical treatment is more necessary, and the clinical surgical treatment is usually open and laparoscopic. In conclusion, the treatment of ovarian cysts needs to be evaluated by the clinician after a combination of various factors to choose whether surgery is needed. Some cysts are physiological in nature and should be followed up and observed, while some cysts must be treated surgically and the patient should be advised by the doctor.