Fire cotton gum infant is a rare genetic disorder caused by genetic factors, commonly seen in consanguineous couples and premature infants, also known as neonatal thin flaky exfoliation, neonatal ichthyosis, and congenital ichthyosis. It is mainly caused by mutations in the transglutaminase-1 gene (TGM1) of keratin-forming cells, which is generally believed to be a mutation in the gene encoding a protease, lipoprotein or structural protein that regulates skin keratinization, resulting in the inability of the epidermis to keratinize properly, eventually leading to abnormal skin keratinization, sclerosis and flaking. The disease may also be caused by abnormal sebum production in the epidermis during fetal growth. During the fetal period, the presence of amniotic fluid in the uterus inhibits the growth of the epidermis or keratin, resulting in symptoms that are not visible and cannot be detected by ultrasonography. After birth, the main clinical symptom is shiny and smooth skin, similar to a layer of fire glue film tightly covering the skin, with dry, hard and inelastic skin and inability to make exaggerated facial expressions. After 24 hours of birth, the film may crack and peel off, and some children may not be able to shed all of it until they are 10 years old, and the skin may become erythematous after shedding, and then gradually return to normal or change to other ichthyosis. The aim of treatment is to improve the dryness of the skin, protect the new tender skin, prevent complications, and help the child safely pass the dangerous period of severe peeling. The prognosis is very closely related to the severity of the disease, if the child only appears skin symptoms, only symptomatic treatment can recover on its own, does not affect the intellectual and physical development. If the child is born with other systemic defects or secondary infections, the prognosis is poor or even death.