Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as “sexually transmitted diseases”, are traditionally defined as diseases transmitted through sexual intercourse, with the main lesions occurring in the genital area. They include syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, lymphogranuloma venereum and inguinal granuloma, and were once referred to as “venereal diseases”. There are currently more than 20 types of sexually transmitted diseases in foreign countries, including the five traditional sexually transmitted diseases and non-gonococcal urethritis, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes, AIDS, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, scabies, pubic lice, and hepatitis B. China is currently requesting that priority be given to the prevention and treatment of eight types of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, sexually transmitted lymphogranuloma, and inguinal granuloma. The eight sexually transmitted diseases that China is currently required to focus on are syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, venereal lymphogranuloma, genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes, and AIDS. Clinical manifestations As STD is a general term for a group of diseases, its symptoms vary from disease to disease, and some people have obvious clinical manifestations after being infected with STD pathogens, however, some people do not have any manifestations. Men often have frequent urination, urinary urgency, painful urination and urethral discharge; enlarged scrotum; abnormal vaginal discharge in women (increased, yellowish color, odor, purulent or bloody, etc.); itching of the vulva and pain in the lower abdomen in women; blisters, vesicles, and ulcers in the genital area; superfluous organisms in the genital area; enlarged lymph nodes in the inguinal area; and painless and itchy symmetrically distributed rashes all over the body, especially in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Such a rash appears. There are many types of STDs, each of which has several different laboratory tests. The accuracy of these tests is critical to the correct diagnosis and effective treatment of the patient. At present, the commonly used laboratory tests for STDs are as follows: 1. Gonorrhea (1) Smear method is highly accurate for acute urethritis in men, but is not applicable to female patients; (2) Culture method is the most accurate and is particularly suitable for female patients. 2, non-gonococcal urethritis (1) smear method to check the urethra or cervical secretions in the neutrophil leukocytes, the method is simple, but can not determine the pathogen. (2) Chlamydia trachomatis antigen detection method is simple, but some detection methods are not highly sensitive. (3) Mycoplasma culture is more reliable, but the results should be interpreted with caution, should be combined with clinical, because normal people may also be positive culture. (1) Dark-field microscopy is appropriate for patients with chancre damage. (2) Non-spirochete serologic tests such as the rapid plasma reactivity (RPR) test: this is a primary screening test and may be false positive. (3) Spirochete serology test such as syphilis spirochete particle agglutination test (TPPA): a confirmatory test for syphilis, but can not be used to determine the efficacy of treatment, follow-up. 4, condyloma acuminatum can be diagnosed by clinical manifestations, if necessary, 5% vinegar white test and histopathological examination. 5, genital herpes can be diagnosed by clinical manifestations, if necessary, herpes simplex virus antigen test. Diagnosis The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of medical history, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. Treatment There are many types of STDs, some are easily cured and some are not. Curable or easily curable STDs are usually caused by pathogens such as bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and spirochetes, such as gonorrhea, nongonococcal urethritis, syphilis (early syphilis), and noma. Clinical and pathogenetic cure of these STDs can be achieved with appropriate antibiotic treatment. Incurable or hard-to-cure STDs are mainly caused by viral infections, such as genital herpes, condyloma acuminatum, and AIDS. However, the term “incurable” refers to the inability to achieve pathogenetic cure within a considerable period of time, these diseases can be clinically cured through treatment. The current antiviral drugs can only inhibit the viruses that cause these sexually transmitted diseases, short-term can not be completely eliminated, so the infection of these sexually transmitted diseases, although it can be clinically cured, but the virus may still be lurking in the human body, which is why some of the patients with genital herpes or warts are prone to recurrence of the reason. However, the human body can gradually produce strong immunity to these viruses, the virus inhibitory effect on the human body is no longer harmful.