The head and neck are defined by anatomical sub-regions of the human body, and more simply, the part of the body above the neck is defined as the head and neck. Head and neck is the area where various organs are concentrated, including eyes, ears, nose, throat, pharynx, organs in the mouth, jaw bone, salivary gland, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and thyroid gland of the neck, etc. Therefore, head and neck is the area where multiple disciplines are concentrated and crossed, including otolaryngology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmology, general surgery, vascular surgery, orthopedics and neurosurgery. The structure of head and neck is complex and interconnected, and often tumors occurring in one part or organ may also involve other parts or organs. In addition, the head and neck is also the intersection of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels of various organs in the body, so tumors of some parts or organs may also appear in the head and neck. According to the information provided by international epidemiological research institutions, the annual incidence rate of head and neck tumors in China in recent years is 15.22/100,000, accounting for 4.45% of the whole body malignant tumors (2.51/100,000 for men and 1.92/100,000 for women). By site, the incidence of head and neck tumors was in the order of larynx, thyroid, oral cavity, nasopharynx, nasal paranasal sinus, macrosalivary gland, oral cavity, eye, and hypopharynx. In terms of gender, except for thyroid tumors, which were significantly more common in females (14.2%) than males (5.40%), males predominated. The incidence of head and neck tumors varies in different parts of China due to different living environments and different causative factors. For example, the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer is higher in Guangdong and Guangxi, while the incidence of thyroid tumor is higher in coastal and inland iodine-deficient areas.