What is an ectropion? When the big [toe] appears to deviate in the direction of the little toe, the joint on the inside of the big [toe] protrudes, or even crosses or overlaps with the second toe, it is medically known as [exostosis, commonly known as bigfoot. In fact, there are many people around us who suffer from [ectropion, and statistics show that there are at least 100 million bigfoot patients in China, and Hong Kong actress Michelle Yeoh and Spice Girl Victoria are also typical representatives of bigfoot. Li Xiaohua, Department of Orthopedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University Reasons for the occurrence of ectropion? There are three reasons for the occurrence of ectropion: 1. congenital heredity; 2. wearing inappropriate shoes; 3. a mixture of both factors. Generally speaking, bunions that appear only after the age of 20 in women have an important relationship with the long-term wearing of high-heeled pointed leather shoes. The survey shows that the incidence of bunion in the population wearing shoes is 15 times higher than in the population not wearing shoes, so wearing high-heeled pointed shoes should be the primary causative factor leading to [bunion deformity. Of course, bunions also occur in men who do not wear high-heeled, pointed shoes, and generally in women before the age of 20, mostly due to other causes or predisposing factors, including genetics, flat feet, tendon ligament dysfunction, rheumatoid arthritis, and so on. In addition, not all people who wear high-heeled pointed leather shoes will develop [bunions. As long as the duration of wearing high-heeled pointed shoes is not too long, and the usual attention to exercise, the occurrence of bunions can also be avoided or delayed. The most prominent symptom of a valgus? s local pain and deformity. As the toe bulge is squeezed and rubbed by the shoe upper for a long time, it makes the local skin thicken and bone proliferate, producing bursitis and causing redness and pain. People with flat feet are also prone to increased pain. In addition, severe exostosis leads to toe overlap deformity, joint dislocation, and long-term uneven stress on the joint surface, resulting in damage to the cartilage of the joint can develop into osteoarthritis, causing persistent pain. Ultimately, this affects the ability to wear shoes and walk. The consequences of losing the ability to walk can be catastrophic, as young people will lose their freedom to walk and older people will lose their health. How is ectropion treated? There are conservative treatment and surgical treatment. For patients with mild deformity and no symptoms, non-surgical treatment can be used, including functional exercises, wearing loose and thick-soled shoes, choosing toe pads, braces and professional orthopedic shoes or flat foot insoles, etc., which can relieve symptoms and stop the progress of deformity. When conservative treatment is ineffective, pain and deformity are heavy and affect daily work life, surgical treatment is needed. The main treatments include soft tissue surgery, osteotomy, osteotomy to correct the first metatarsal phalanx, and fusion of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint, etc. The choice of the specific surgery is based on the patient’s specific situation and should be carefully selected after careful examination and evaluation by a specialist. At present, the international treatment of ectropion is becoming more and more important, and a detailed preoperative evaluation is needed for different deformities, different age groups, different occupations and other factors, to accurately determine the cause of pain and the root cause of deformity, and to design a personalized surgical plan, which is the key to successful and satisfactory ectropion surgery. For example, Ms. Wang of the Human Resources Department was very irritable recently because she found that her feet were getting longer and uglier, not only could she not wear high heels, but she also had bouts of pain when walking, which seriously affected her work status and mood as a white-collar worker. When she came to the hospital for a checkup, she knew that her feet were suffering from valgus, and that she needed surgery to correct the problem. After a detailed evaluation and communication with the doctor, she underwent a personalized surgery designed by the doctor to correct both foot deformities at the same time. After the surgery, Ms. Wang’s feet not only regained their beauty, but she was able to walk painlessly after a short recovery. How many days do I need to stay in the hospital and how long do I have to recuperate before I can walk after surgery? The average hospital stay is 5-7 days. The rest time after surgery varies depending on the severity of the exostosis and the type of surgery chosen. Soft tissue surgery can be on the ground 3 days after surgery, and osteotomy takes 4-6 weeks (age difference) to walk normally. However, care should be taken to elevate the affected limb to prevent postoperative postural swelling that could interfere with recovery. Is it better to have surgery on both feet at the same time or in separate sessions? It depends on [the surgical method chosen by the patient with exostosis, his tolerance for the surgery, whether he has someone to take care of him after the surgery, and whether the patient’s own time or freedom is more important. Working people who have difficulty taking time off work may choose to have the surgery done on both feet at the same time, while retired and elderly patients are better off having the surgery in separate sessions. How to prevent valgus when wearing shoes? Inappropriate shoes can cause foot diseases such as [valgus, which can lead to foot deformity and pain and affect daily life. Many young women have not been prevented from correcting valgus, and the deformity has been aggravated; more elderly patients have combined rheumatoid arthritis and gout, making the foot deformity more and more complicated and the pain symptoms more and more serious. First of all, the heel height should be appropriate, 2-3cm height to make the weight bearing of the foot more reasonable, prompting people to chest and abdomen, look upright and energetic. When wearing flat shoes, the body’s center of gravity is too far back, walking not only posture is not elegant, the heel hit the ground, the vibration directly to the brain. But too high heels make the weight of the body shift forward to the tip of the foot, the reaction force of the toes, so that the first metatarsal inversion, and gradually formed [ectropion p [capsulitis. Short people wearing high heels, should pay attention to the height of the heel should be proportional to the height, or wear muffin shoes to increase the height is better, or more harmful. Secondly, the elasticity of the shoe should be appropriate. Too tight shoes will squeeze the skin of the foot, so that the toes and soles of the feet appear corns p calluses. But through the loose shoes, feet wandering in the shoes, shoes do not follow the foot, toes will be hard to flex the toes to grab the shoes, resulting in muscle tendon fatigue pain. Throughout the day, the size of the foot varies, small in the morning and large in the afternoon, take into account when buying shoes. Shoes worn for a long time will become loose p become larger; therefore, it is appropriate to use the laces of the elasticity to adjust more appropriate. The elderly and children who have difficulty bending over should wear shoes with laces or buckles, and it is best to open them as soon as they are pulled. Growing children buy shoes to leave a little space, and timely replacement of shoes to prevent foot deformities. The material of shoes should be breathable and not cover the feet p comfortable and not easy to get foot fungus. Finally, it is best to have four pairs of shoes for each person: two pairs of leather shoes, one pair of cloth shoes, and one pair of sneakers. For formal occasions such as work, you often have to wear leather shoes, and women can prepare two pairs of shoes with high heels and sloping heels for replacement. Cloth shoes are lightweight, soft, breathable and moisture-absorbent, especially suitable for leisure, travel, indoor, driving and other occasions; sneakers are essential “equipment” for outdoor sports. Tips: How to prevent ectropion caused by rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause or be accompanied by [exostosis. Therefore, prevention of [ectropion requires consideration of rheumatoid arthritis prevention. First of all, pay attention to heat preservation in winter and do some warm-up exercises when you wake up early in the morning. Secondly, choose easily digestible food and cook it in a light and refreshing way, and eat less spicy, greasy and cold food. Finally, life is exercise, walking is the best way to exercise, young and old, at least half an hour a day. The elderly should not be bedridden for a long time, when the body does not feel well, but also need to exercise exercise when sitting, lying; left and right legs repeatedly alternate playing straight, calves and feet up to thirty centimeters from the ground, adhere to five seconds and then put down, and then fully bent; several times a day, in order to be able to bear the principle.