In summer, dermatology clinics often encounter some patients with facial pigmentation, especially young women, because facial pigmentation affects their work and life, and they urgently hope that doctors can solve it. Facial pigmentation refers to the spots with different colors on and around the face. There are many reasons for the formation of facial pigmentation, and the causes of facial pigmentation are mainly: hereditary factors, ultraviolet radiation, endocrine reasons, life habits and other factors stimulate the activity of free radicals to enhance, free radicals in the process of attacking and destroying cells, a large number of cell death and metabolic disorders, intracellular impurities can not be metabolized, resulting in pigmentation, and a large reduction in the number of new cells to form facial pigmentation. The number of new cells is greatly reduced to form facial pigmentation. Pathology The formation of facial pigmentation is mainly due to the strengthening of melanocyte function caused by various factors, the melanin phagocytic cells are damaged and weakened, the metabolism speed of melanin is not able to catch up with the synthesis speed, the abnormal melanin is absorbed by the cells in the basal layer of the skin, when repeatedly stimulated by the outside world, the melanin gradually appears on the epidermis, thus forming facial pigmentation. Any facial pigmentation with larger distribution, darker color, repeated treatment to no avail, and even with acne and red blood, etc., is a stubborn facial pigmentation. Causes The four major causes of facial pigmentation are as follows: 1. Genetic causes. Autosomal inheritance is the main cause of facial pigmentation. It mostly starts from children around 5 years old, mostly female, heavy in spring and summer, light in autumn and winter. Light brown to yellow-brown pinpoint to rice-grain-sized spots, symmetrically distributed on the face (especially on the nose); 2. Ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is an important reason for the formation of facial pigmentation, which is also the reason why sun protection is needed in summer. When the skin receives too much sunlight, the epidermis produces more melanin particles, the latter of which can absorb UV rays and protect the body from damage. This is the reason why people’s skin gets darker after sun exposure. Moreover, ultraviolet radiation will cause melasma and deepen the color of common facial pigmentation; 3. Endocrine reasons. Endocrine disorder is also an important reason for women to produce facial pigmentation. Changes in the level of sex hormones in the body during menstruation and pregnancy can affect the production of melanin. In addition, endocrine instability usually causes emotional instability, which will also indirectly cause the formation of facial pigmentation; 4. Stress, partial eating, lack of sleep and other bad habits will also increase melanin. People with unstable sleep time also have poor metabolic rate of skin, which will increase the production of melanin particles.