Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most serious degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Patients with lumbar disc herniation and sclerosis are often combined with small synovial hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, resulting in narrowing of the central spinal canal and narrowing of the lateral saphenous fossa, resulting in compression of the nerves and leading to symptoms such as low back pain, leg pain, leg numbness, leg cramps and intermittent claudication. Compared to simple lumbar disc herniation, conservative treatment is often unsatisfactory, and the condition worsens in waves, with the onset period becoming longer and more severe as we age, and the remission period becoming shorter and less pronounced, with most patients eventually experiencing intractable pain or difficulty walking. Surgery is the most desirable treatment option at this time. Traditional surgery has gone through three stages: simple decompression —- decompression fixation —- decompression fixation fusion. The most mature one in clinical practice is the posterior laminar decompression interbody fusion (PLIF), which can be said to be the mainstream surgical method for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis due to its low risk and precise efficacy. However, this procedure has a potential risk of postoperative spinal instability due to the large extent of intraoperative decompression and severe damage to the posterior spinal column structure. Moreover, patients are often instructed to stay in bed for a month or more, which makes postoperative diet and bowel care a major problem. Many families often have one person operated and the whole family off work to serve, which is a torturous process for both patients and their relatives. Therefore, how to reduce surgical trauma, shorten recovery time, and reduce medical escort consumption is the trend in the development of surgical techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis. The “modified PLIF procedure” is a new surgical method for lumbar spinal stenosis, which is a new concept of “minimally invasive surgery” developed by the spinal orthopedic treatment team of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University after continuous exploration and innovation based on traditional surgical methods. This procedure preserves the posterior column structure of the spine, including the spinous process, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, articular processes, and joint capsule, which greatly increases the postoperative stability of the spine and, in conjunction with our original “cul-de-sac compression” and “tunnel compression” procedures, has achieved the following We achieved a complete and effective decompression of both the cauda equina and the lumbosacral nerve roots, thus obtaining a treatment effect that surpasses that of traditional surgery. Patients not only have rapid and complete symptom relief after surgery, but also can move around the next day, which greatly shortens the hospitalization and recovery time.