Cirrhosis is a common chronic disease caused by the long-term and repeated action of one or more causes, resulting in extensive degeneration and necrosis of liver cells and diffuse proliferation of fibrous connective tissues, causing the liver to sclerosis and deformation. The purpose of nutritional therapy for cirrhosis is to stop the deformation and necrosis of liver cells, promote the regeneration of liver cells, and help restore liver function, and supply “three high and one moderate” diets for those with mild liver function damage, i.e. high protein, high energy and carbohydrate, high vitamin and moderate fat.
1.High protein
Protein is the most important raw material for liver repair and regeneration, so it must be supplied adequately. According to 1.5~2.0g/kg per day, about 100~200g per day. high protein food, one category is milk, animal meat, poultry, eggs, fish, shrimp and other animal protein; another category is soybeans, soybeans, large green beans and black beans and other legumes, sesame seeds, melon seeds, walnuts,
Almonds, pine nuts and other dried fruits of plant proteins. Because the types and proportions of amino acids contained in animal proteins are more in line with human needs, animal proteins have higher nutritional value than plant proteins.
2.High energy and carbohydrates
Adequate energy can ensure that protein is fully utilized by the body. Adequate carbohydrates can provide energy, synthesize liver glycogen, protect liver cells and prevent damage to the liver by toxins. Foods high in carbohydrates are pasta: steamed buns, buns, noodles, bread, cookies, spuds, etc.
Grains: rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, glutinous rice, etc. Root vegetables: taro, potatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoes, yams, chestnuts, etc. Fruits: (most will be sweet are contained, but more water) bananas, lychees.
3.High vitamin
Patients with cirrhosis often have vitamin deficiency, should be selected rich in a variety of vitamin foods or through a multivitamin preparations to give supplementation. Fruits with more vitamin B are: tomatoes (it can also be counted as fruit) oranges, bananas, grapes, pears, walnuts, chestnuts, millets, etc.
Foods rich in vitamin B.
①Foods rich in vitamin B1: wheat germ, pork leg, soybeans, peanuts, loin muscle, ham, black rice, chicken liver, germ rice, etc.
②Foods rich in vitamin B2: seven cheek eel, beef liver, chicken liver, shiitake mushroom, wheat germ, egg, cheese, etc.
③Foods containing vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, pantothenic acid and folic acid.
Liver, meat, milk, yeast, fish, beans, egg yolk, nuts, spinach, cheese, etc. One of the vitamin B1 can not be stored in the body, so it should be supplemented daily
4.Moderate amount of fat
Excessive intake of fat will aggravate the damage of liver function, and easy to deposit in liver cells, so moderate supply, 40~50g per day is appropriate, try to use vegetable oil to reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids.
5.People with serious liver function damage
To prevent hepatic encephalopathy, protein intake should be strictly limited, and a small amount of high-quality and less ammonia-producing food should be used, such as milk and dairy products, beans, fish and shrimps, etc.
Precautions
1.Refrain from using or use less food
Prohibit alcohol and alcoholic beverages, spicy and stimulating foods and condiments, fried, deep-fried and stir-fried foods, beans, potatoes, radishes, carbonated beverages and other foods that produce a lot of gas, and use less or prohibit foods containing coarse fiber.
2.People with edema or ascites Restricting sodium and water intake is an important measure to treat edema and ascites.
3.People with esophageal or fundic varices Diet should be fine, soft, easy to digest and less stimulating, avoid raw and rough food to prevent rupture and bleeding of varicose gastrointestinal veins. The cooking method should be steamed, boiled, braised, stewed, etc.