What are the new advances in breast cancer prevention research in China and abroad? Can the discovery of breast cancer genes improve the level of breast cancer?
The prevention of breast cancer mainly includes two aspects.
1. How to screen the people who are susceptible to breast cancer before it occurs and take corresponding interventions to stop or reduce the occurrence of breast cancer (primary prevention);
2. How to detect breast cancer at an early stage and take reasonable treatment to improve the survival rate and reduce the mortality rate (secondary prevention).
At present, encouraging progress has been made in breast cancer prevention at home and abroad, mainly in the following aspects.
1.Based on the risk factors for breast cancer found in a large number of epidemiological studies, risk assessment models can be established to predict the future risk of breast cancer for individuals, such as the Gail model and Claus model in the U.S. Although there is no suitable model in China, domestic risk factor studies can already assess the risk of breast cancer for individuals;
The clinical trials of triamcinolone acetonide for breast cancer prevention (NSABP, IBIS-1), and MORE and ACAT clinical trials have proved that certain drugs can reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk groups, thus laying the foundation of breast cancer chemoprevention, and scientists are now working on the research of effective preventive drugs with low side effects in molecular targeting;
The basic research on a series of oncogenes and other factors related to the development of breast cancer has made great progress, and these tumor markers are expected to improve the risk prediction and early diagnosis of breast cancer, and some indicators have been or are expected to be used in clinical practice, such as BRAC-1, BRAC-2, P53, PTEN, and breast cancer gene chips that can screen for a large number of markers.
4. Breast cancer screening and effective breast imaging (mammography, color Doppler ultrasound, and more sensitive MRI, etc.) will make significant contributions to the early detection of breast cancer.
Based on my experience in medical practice for more than 20 years, I feel that there are misconceptions about breast cancer among women in China in the following aspects.
1. Many women go to the hospital only because of breast pain, ignoring painless breast lumps, which are the main manifestation of breast enlargement, while the latter is the main manifestation of breast cancer. This indicates a general lack of basic understanding of the clinical manifestations of breast cancer.
2. Many people think that it is enough to attend the annual check-up organized by the unit, but this is not true. Once cancer occurs, it will grow multiply, and the interval of one year may be too long. In addition, physical examination and infrared examination organized by the unit are very ineffective for early diagnosis, and the correct strategy is regular (different from person to person) and reasonable imaging examination.
3. When many people have breast cancer, they are anxious to ask the doctor for surgery to remove it. Remember: breast cancer is a systemic disease and the treatment guidelines for different stages of breast cancer are different. It is necessary to enter into a reasonable and comprehensive treatment procedure from the first step in a regular hospital, for example, preoperative chemotherapy rather than surgery is preferred for locally advanced breast cancer.
What is the age of high incidence of breast cancer? What are the risk factors that may increase the risk of breast cancer?
The high incidence of breast cancer in China is between 40-55 years old, with a peak age of about 48 years old. The risk of breast cancer may be increased by bad behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, high-fat diet, irregular lifestyle and long-term mental depression.
How to assess the risk of breast cancer?
In the United States, the Gail model can predict the risk of breast cancer in the next 5, 10 or 20 years, but there is no uniform assessment model in China yet. It also provides a basis for chemoprevention in high-risk groups.
Who are the women at risk? What should they do to prevent breast cancer?
What are the new developments in breast cancer prevention research in China and abroad? Can the discovery of breast cancer genes improve the level of breast cancer?
The prevention of breast cancer mainly includes two aspects.
1. How to screen the breast cancer-prone population before the occurrence of breast cancer and take corresponding interventions to stop or reduce the occurrence of breast cancer (primary prevention);
2. How to detect breast cancer at an early stage and take reasonable treatment to improve the survival rate and reduce the mortality rate (secondary prevention).
At present, encouraging progress has been made in breast cancer prevention at home and abroad, mainly in the following aspects.
1.Based on the risk factors for breast cancer found in a large number of epidemiological studies, risk assessment models can be established to predict the future risk of breast cancer for individuals, such as the Gail model and Claus model in the U.S. Although there is no suitable model in China, domestic risk factor studies can already assess the risk of breast cancer for individuals;
The clinical trials of triamcinolone acetonide for breast cancer prevention (NSABP, IBIS-1), and MORE and ACAT clinical trials have proved that certain drugs can reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk groups, thus laying the foundation of breast cancer chemoprevention, and scientists are now working on the research of effective preventive drugs with low side effects in molecular targeting;
The basic research on a series of oncogenes and other factors related to the development of breast cancer has made great progress, and these tumor markers are expected to improve the risk prediction and early diagnosis of breast cancer, and some indicators have been or are expected to be used in clinical practice, such as BRAC-1, BRAC-2, P53, PTEN, and breast cancer gene chips that can screen for a large number of markers.
4. Breast cancer screening and effective breast imaging (mammography, color Doppler ultrasound, and more sensitive MRI, etc.) have made significant contributions to early detection of breast cancer.
What are the misconceptions about breast cancer among women in China?
Based on my experience in medicine for more than 20 years, I feel that women in China have misconceptions about breast cancer in the following aspects.
1. Many women go to the hospital only because of breast pain, ignoring the painless breast lump, which is the main manifestation of breast enlargement while the latter is the main manifestation of breast cancer. This indicates a general lack of basic understanding of the clinical manifestations of breast cancer.
2. Many people think that it is enough to attend the annual check-up organized by the unit, but this is not true. Once cancer occurs, it will grow multiply, and the interval of one year may be too long. In addition, physical examination and infrared examination organized by the unit are very ineffective for early diagnosis, and the correct strategy is regular (different from person to person) and reasonable imaging examination.
3. When many people have breast cancer, they are anxious to ask the doctor for surgery to remove it. Remember: breast cancer is a systemic disease and the treatment guidelines for different stages of breast cancer are different. It is necessary to enter into a reasonable and comprehensive treatment procedure from the first step in a regular hospital, for example, preoperative chemotherapy rather than surgery is preferred for locally advanced breast cancer.
What is the age of high incidence of breast cancer? What are the risk factors that may increase the risk of breast cancer?
The high incidence of breast cancer in China is between 40-55 years old, with a peak age of about 48 years old. The risk of breast cancer may be increased by bad behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, high-fat diet, irregular lifestyle and long-term mental depression.
How to assess the risk of breast cancer?
In the United States, the Gail model can predict the risk of breast cancer in the next 5, 10 or 20 years, but there is no uniform assessment model in China yet. It also provides a basis for chemoprevention in high-risk groups.
Who are the women at risk? What should they do to prevent breast cancer?
Relatively major risk factors (OR 3-5 times or more): age (40-55 years), family history of breast cancer in the direct line, atypical hyperplasia or papillomatosis, mental depression; Relatively minor risk factors (OR 1-3 times): lobular or ductal epithelial hyperplasia, history of breast biopsy, family history of other malignancies, obesity, not breastfeeding, estrogen replacement therapy, etc. replacement therapy, etc. Preventive measures include: pharmacological intervention, prophylactic excision, regular observation, etc. The preventive measures should be decided by the specialist according to the condition.
What should women do to prevent breast cancer in general?
It is recommended to learn the basic knowledge of breast cancer prevention (please visit http://huangy.54doctor.net/ for related articles), have a simple assessment of your own risk of breast cancer, develop good lifestyle habits, pay attention to physical exercise, and receive regular guidance and examination from specialists.
Is breast cancer related to diet? What should I pay attention to in my daily diet?
The occurrence of breast cancer is related to diet. Studies have shown that the incidence of breast cancer among Oriental women who migrated to the United States has increased significantly due to the change in dietary habits (high-fat, high-protein diet). Daily diet should follow the principles of healthy eating: a reasonable mix of starch, protein, fat and crude fiber, low fat, less fried and pickled products, less hormone-fed fish and poultry, etc. Medication should be guided by a specialist.
Relatively major risk factors (relative risk OR 3-5 times or more): age (40-55 years old), family history of breast cancer in the direct line, atypical hyperplasia or papillomatosis, mental depression; relatively minor risk factors (relative risk OR 1-3 times): lobular or ductal epithelial hyperplasia, history of breast biopsy, family history of other malignant tumors, obesity, not breastfeeding, estrogen replacement therapy, etc. Preventive measures include: pharmacological intervention, prophylactic excision, regular observation, etc. The preventive measures should be decided by the specialist according to the condition.
What should women do to prevent breast cancer in general?
It is recommended to learn the basic knowledge of breast cancer prevention (please visit http://huangy.54doctor.net/ for related articles), have a simple assessment of your own risk of breast cancer, develop good lifestyle habits, pay attention to physical exercise, and receive regular guidance and examination from specialists.
Is breast cancer related to diet? What should I pay attention to in my daily diet?
The occurrence of breast cancer is related to diet. Studies have shown that the incidence of breast cancer among Oriental women who migrated to the United States has increased significantly due to the change in dietary habits (high-fat, high-protein diet). Daily diet should follow the principles of healthy eating: a reasonable mix of starch, protein, fat and crude fiber, low fat, less fried and pickled products, less hormone-fed fish and poultry, etc. Medication should be guided by a specialist.