When it comes to head and neck tumors, it may be relatively new to most people. It is a method to classify tumors according to body parts, which has been adopted by more and more oncology specialized hospitals and non-specialized hospitals. In other words, tumors are divided into head and neck tumors, chest tumors, abdominal tumors, limb tumors and so on, instead of being classified by various systems. “Head” means head and “neck” means neck, which is commonly known as “neck”. Then, what are the head and neck tumors? It should include neck tumor, ENT tumor and oral and maxillofacial tumor. Neck tumors belong to general surgery in general hospitals, and the more common ones are thyroid tumors; ENT tumors include laryngeal cancer, paranasal sinus cancer, etc.; oral and maxillofacial tumors include various oral cancers, such as tongue cancer, gum cancer, cheek cancer, etc. Therefore, the tumors of head and neck are the most common among all tumors in the body in terms of their primary sites and pathological types. Meanwhile, the important organs of head and neck are concentrated, the anatomical relationship is complex, and the treatment methods are different. It simultaneously involves multidisciplinary medical fields such as head and neck tumor surgery, medical oncology, radiation therapy, nutrition and language therapy, social work, nursing and rehabilitation. And some parts of the tumor need to have a multidisciplinary collaborative and integrated treatment in order to effectively improve the treatment effect. Features The head and neck region is defined by the anatomical sub-regions of the human body, and more simply, the parts of the body above the neck are defined as the head and neck region. The head and neck is the area where various organs are concentrated, including the eyes, ears, nose, throat, pharynx, organs in the mouth, jawbone, salivary glands and muscles of the neck, blood vessels, nerves, thyroid gland, etc. Therefore, the head and neck is a multidisciplinary and crossover area, which includes various disciplines such as otolaryngology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmology, general surgery, vascular surgery, orthopedics, cranial and neurosurgery. The structure of the head and neck is complex and interconnected, and often tumors occurring in one part or organ may also involve other parts or organs. In addition, the head and neck is also the intersection of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels of various organs in human body, so tumors of some parts or organs may also appear in the head and neck. Incidence of head and neck tumors According to the information provided by international epidemiological research institutions, the annual incidence rate of head and neck tumors in China in recent years is 15.22/100,000, accounting for 4.45% of the whole body malignant tumors (2.51/100,000 for men and 1.92/100,000 for women). By site, the incidence of head and neck tumors was in the order of larynx (32.1%), thyroid (19.6%), oral cavity (16.1%), nasopharynx (14.9%), paranasal sinuses (6.6%), major salivary gland (4.2%), oral cavity (3.3%), eye (1.52%), and hypopharynx (1.5%). In terms of gender, males predominated, except for females (14.2%) who had significantly more thyroid tumors than males (5.40%). The incidence of head and neck tumors varies in different parts of China due to different living environments and different causative factors. For example, the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer is higher in Guangdong and Guangxi, while the incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in coastal and inland iodine-deficient areas. Late stage metastatic cancer of the neck Metastatic cancer of the neck refers to the metastasis of cancer from other parts of the body to the oral and maxillofacial organs by cervical lymph or blood circulation; or the metastasis of oral and maxillofacial tumors or neck tumors to cervical lymph nodes. Metastatic carcinoma originating from head and neck accounts for the majority of metastatic carcinoma, mainly squamous cell carcinoma. They are mostly found in the upper part of the neck, distributed along the sternocleidomastoid muscle, single or several, progressively enlarging, and often adhering to the tissue. Metastatic cancers originating from the chest, abdomen and pelvis are mostly adenocarcinomas. For the diagnosis of advanced metastatic carcinoma in the neck, it is mostly based on the history of tumors in other parts of the body and can be clearly diagnosed by CT, MR and fine needle aspiration biopsy of the neck. Meanwhile, selective carotid angiography and ultrasound can be applied to observe the relationship between metastatic carcinoma of the neck and carotid artery. For advanced metastatic carcinoma of the neck, a comprehensive therapy mainly based on surgery and supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy before and after surgery should be adopted. (1) For metastatic carcinoma of the neck that does not involve the carotid artery, the metastasis of the neck and radical cervical lymphatic dissection should be performed to preserve the carotid artery. (2) For metastatic carcinoma of the neck that has involved the carotid artery, the metastatic foci of the neck and radical carotid lymphatic dissection should be performed, and the carotid artery should be resected at the same time, and carotid artery reconstruction should be performed at the same time. (2) Contraindications (1) Advanced metastatic carcinoma of the neck with distant metastasis in the whole body. (2)The patient’s general condition cannot tolerate the operation. (3) Patients with previous history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accidents. The etiology of head and neck tumors is closely related to the living environment and individual’s dietary habits and hobbies. For example, the incidence of thyroid tumors is higher in coastal and inland iodine-deficient areas, which may be related to the iodine content in the diet. In addition, thyroid tumors are mostly found in female patients, and some studies show that it is related to female hormones; the occurrence of laryngeal tumors is related to smoking and air pollution; and the incidence of oral tumors is related to poor diet and oral hygiene. Therefore, some tumors can be prevented by changing bad habits and dietary habits.