With the advancement of catheter ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation, more and more patients are undergoing radiofrequency ablation therapy. Due to the possible atrial stuttering after ablation to sinus rhythm, the effect of RF ablation on the mechanical function of the left atrium, and the possible complications of thromboembolism during ablation, there is now a consensus that these patients should receive short-term (3 months postoperative) anticoagulation therapy. However, the incidence of asymptomatic AF after ablation is not low, and the risk of thromboembolism is also present in asymptomatic AF. Therefore, whether to continue anticoagulation after 3 months is still controversial. It is currently believed that after AF ablation, the decision to continue anticoagulation should be based on the patient’s risk factors for stroke, regardless of the occurrence of AF, and in patients with a CHADS score ≥2, lifelong postoperative anticoagulation. Anticoagulants for thromboembolic prophylaxis include vitamin A antagonists (warfarin, phenprocoumon), antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel), and novel anticoagulants (direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatranate, factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban). Warfarin is currently the most commonly used drug for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation, and numerous clinical studies have confirmed the place of warfarin in the anticoagulation treatment of atrial fibrillation. A meta-analysis of several primary prevention trials of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation showed that warfarin reduced the relative risk of stroke by 68%. Clinical application generally controls INR 2.0-3.0; too low produces inadequate anticoagulation efficiency and failure to reduce thrombotic events, and too high leads to increased bleeding complications. Due to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of warfarin, such as metabolism through the cytochrome P450 pathway and susceptibility to the effects of drugs such as amiodarone and verapamil and food, it is difficult to control the fluctuation of INR in clinical practice, which greatly limits the application of anticoagulation therapy. Warfarin must be taken for more than 3 months after atrial fibrillation ablation, with the aim of preventing left atrial thrombosis and stroke, and adjusting warfarin dosage according to INR, with a target value of 1.5-2.5.