Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area, of which herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) accounts for about 90% and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) for about 10%. An important feature of herpes simplex virus infection is the ability to establish latent infection in the host and reactivate under certain conditions such as stress, fatigue, and immune deficiency, resulting in recurrent episodes of disease. Studies have shown a relationship between HSV-2 and the development of cervical cancer in women, and it also activates HIV replication and increases the chance of HIV infection. HSV infection in pregnant women increases the chances of fetal malformations and that the baby will develop herpes virus meningitis after delivery. Studies have found that women infected with genital herpes are more than five times more likely to develop cervical cancer than healthy women. Clinical features: generally divided into primary, recurrent, and subclinical HSV activation 1.Incipient: Those who first appear clinical manifestations. The incubation period is usually 2-14 days, and the attack usually lasts 5-20 days. The disease is more serious and can be combined with systemic symptoms, such as fever, headache, general unsuitable muscle pain, etc. The early manifestation of the affected area is erythema, and rapidly develops into blisters, erosions and ulcers, and there is obvious local pain. In some patients, the lesions are more extensive and can occur outside the genital area. 2, recurrent: Most patients can develop recurrent genital herpes. Systemic symptoms are rare, lesions are limited, and the duration of the disease is relatively short, usually lasting 6-10 days. The frequency of recurrence varies greatly among individuals, with an average of 3-4 times/year, and more than 10 times per year in those with frequent episodes. The typical manifestations are mostly precursory symptoms such as local itching, burning, tingling, vague pain, numbness and perineal swelling a few hours to 5 days before the onset of the rash, followed by clusters of small blisters, which soon break down to form vesicles or superficial ulcers, with milder self-conscious symptoms than the initial ones, lasting 6-10 days before healing. 3. Atypical and subclinical HSV activation: Patients generally have no conscious symptoms, have mild local manifestations, and have had or subsequently had clinical manifestations of genital herpes in the past. Mostly non-specific limited erythema, papules, punctate vesicles, fissures, ulcers, oozing, sclerosing or folliculitis. Special types of genital herpes 1. Neonatal HSV infection: Infected by contact through the birth canal during delivery, it is divided into limited, central nervous system and disseminated types, and is a serious systemic disease. It is mostly seen in premature infants and often occurs within a few days to 1 month after birth. The manifestations are fever, hypothermia, lethargy, jaundice, mutual difficulties and circulatory failure; the condition is dangerous, and if left untreated the death rate is up to 50% or more, or leads to serious sequelae. 2, herpetic cervicitis: The disease is manifested as mucopurulent cervicitis, which can appear as cervical congestion, increased fragility, blistering, mucosal erosion and even necrosis. 3, herpes proctitis: mostly seen in male homosexuals, can be manifested as perianal blisters, ulcers, spontaneous pain, but also manifested as urgency, constipation and rectal mucus bloody discharge, often accompanied by fever, general malaise and muscle aches. 4, genital herpes combined with HIV infection: genital herpes is often infected with HIV at the same time, and can promote the development of the disease, causing serious local and disseminated infection. Treatment is difficult, and resistance to acyclovir is easy to develop, often requiring antiviral suppressive therapy. Current treatment status Antiviral therapy is still the main treatment method, and commonly used drugs include acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. In addition to antiviral therapy, drugs that regulate the immune status of the body, such as interferon, transfer factor, BCG polysaccharide, etc., can be chosen. Recommended regimen for primary genital herpes: acyclovir 0,2 orally 5 times/day for 7-10 days. Or acyclovir 0,4 orally 3 times/day. Frequent recurrences may be treated with a combination of antiviral drugs and immunomodulators.