Whether it is possible to take traditional Chinese medicine without chemotherapy after esophageal cancer surgery cannot be generalized, and it has to be determined according to the postoperative situation and after careful evaluation by doctors. Generally speaking, most of the patients can not be treated with traditional Chinese medicine without chemotherapy. If the patient has undergone surgery for esophageal cancer in the very early stage or early stage, and the diagnosis after surgery reveals that the disease has reached the effect of clinical eradication, after careful evaluation by the doctor, this kind of patients usually can take Chinese medicine without chemotherapy. However, if the patient’s condition has already progressed to middle or late stage when he or she undergoes surgery, chemotherapy is usually needed to eliminate the residual malignant tumor cells. In the treatment of esophageal cancer, traditional Chinese medicine mainly plays the role of improving post-surgery complications and alleviating the adverse effects brought by chemotherapy, and it is often used as an auxiliary means in the treatment of esophageal cancer in clinical practice, but cannot be used as the main or single treatment for patients with intermediate and advanced stages. For patients who do not want to take chemotherapy and want to take traditional Chinese medicine, they need to take into account their own conditions and ask their doctors to carefully diagnose and evaluate before deciding.