The main indicators of osteoporosis examination are bone density examination including ultrasonography and X-ray examination, and laboratory examination. 1. Bone densitometry: there are ultrasound test and X-ray test, generally X-ray test is more accurate, especially dual-energy X-ray test. Bone densitometry includes DXA method, quantitative CT method and quantitative ultrasound. (1) DXA method is used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, predicting the risk of fracture, and evaluating the effect of drug treatment. (2) Quantitative CT method measures the bulk density of cancellous bone and cortical bone respectively, which can reflect osteoporosis earlier. (3) Quantitative ultrasound is commonly used for root bone measurements, which is used in the initial screening of people at risk, monitoring bone changes, and assessing fracture risk. 2. Laboratory tests: Common laboratory tests for osteoporosis include (1) Blood calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase: In primary osteoporosis, serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels are usually normal, but alkaline phosphatase levels may increase several months after a fracture. (2) Blood parathyroid hormone: parathyroid function should be checked except in secondary osteoporosis. (3) Markers of bone renewal, including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, anti-tartaric acid phosphatase, osteocalcin type I procollagen peptide. Osteoporosis is a complex disease, which should be judged on the basis of examination combined with clinical history and physical signs, and requires timely medical treatment.